为发展可再生能源提供有效的法律保障

本文分析了新近通过的《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》的重大意义，介绍了全国人大环资委起草这部法律的现实考虑和遵循原则，阐释了《可再生能源法》确立的五大法律制度和措施，最后提出了适用本法需注意的三个问题。     

城市污水处理厂恶臭污染源调查与研究

以H2S和NH3为主要监测指标,对广州一大型生活污水处理厂主要恶臭源H2S、NH3的排放浓度进行了8个月的连续监测.结果表明,该污水厂恶臭成分H:S的排放浓度为0.01-22 mg/m',NH,排放浓度为0～0.67 mg/m3.同时,污水厂各处理单元由于其功能和运行条件不同,所产生的恶臭气体成分也不完全一样,在污水进水区段恶臭污染物以H2S为主,其中格栅井H2S浓度最高.其中沉砂池、格栅和污泥浓缩池的H2S、NH3排放浓度呈夏秋季节高、冬春季节低的特征,与季节变化的气温有明显的相关性.对恶臭排放影响因素的研究表明,污水水温越低则H2S和NH3的排放浓度越低,此外,降雨可以显著降低污水处理厂恶臭污染物的排放浓度.     

生物膜填料塔处理高流量负荷下低浓度甲苯废气的初探

采用净化甲苯专用菌种对生物膜填料塔净化处理高流量负荷下低浓度甲苯废气的技术进行了初步实验研究。实验结果表明 ,当气体流量在 0 8m3 /h、进口浓度为 10 5mg/m3 、停留时间 18 3s时 ,甲苯的去除率可达到 6 1 90 % ,出口甲苯浓度低于国家对现有企业的排放标准 (≤ 6 0mg/m3 )。适宜的操作温度应控制在 19～ 2 5℃之间 ,氮磷营养添加量的配比应控制为C∶N∶P =2 0 0∶5∶1,操作压降与气体流量呈线性关系。结合实验数据 ,对相关的基础理论进行了初步探讨。     

城市富营养化水域的生物治理和凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的机理

应用凤眼莲生态系统治理了上海市区一条富营养化河浜,使水质改善,由于藻类生长受到控制而水变澄清。凤眼莲抑制藻类生长的作用机制除了对光和矿质营养的竞争外,主要是由于凤眼莲根系向水体分泌化合物,能伤害和清除藻类(剋制作用Allelopaihic effect)。根圈栖生的一种软体动物——水蜗牛,以藻类为食,也是凤眼莲生态系统清除藻类的一个因素。     

Enhanced ozonation degradation of atrazine in the presence of nano-ZnO: Performance, kinetics and effects

Enhanced ozonation degradation of atrazine (ATZ) with nano-ZnO (nZnO) as catalyst and the influences of the operational parameters have been investigated through semi-continuous experiments in this study. The results demonstrated that the combination of ozone (O₃) and nZnO showed an obvious synergetic effect and the ATZ degradation conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. An improvement of ATZ degradation efficiency by 41.8% and pseudo-first-order rate constant by more than a factor of four was obtained in the O₃/nZnO process after 5 min of reaction compared to O₃ alone. Meanwhile, the degradation efficiency of ATZ was gradually enhanced with increasing nZnO dosage and initial pH in the range from 3.0 to 8.0, and a higher amount of ATZ was degraded when the initial concentration of ATZ rose from 0.5 to 5 mg/L. Additionally, sulfate ion, chloride ion, nitrate ion and low concentrations of humic acid substances led to enhancement of the ATZ degradation. The notable decrease of ATZ removal efficiency observed in the presence of radical scavengers and the results of free radical tests indicated that OH is the dominant active radical species. The mechanism investigation demonstrated that the enhancement effect could be attributed to the introduction of nZnO, which could promote the utilization of O₃, enhance the formation of superoxide radical, and further accelerate the production of hydrogen peroxide and the generation of OH/O₂-.     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of silver nanoparticles in water using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Using the ionic liquid(IL)1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extractant and methanol as the dispersion solvent,a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed to extract silver nanoparticles(AgN Ps)from environmental water samples.Parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency such as IL concentration,pH and extraction time were optimized.Under the optimized conditions,the highest extraction efficiency for AgN Ps was above 90% with an enrichment factor of 90.The extracted AgN Ps in the IL phase were identified by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy,and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion,with a detection limit of 0.01 μg/L.The spiked recovery of AgN Ps was 84.4% with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 3.8%(n = 6)at a spiked level of 5 μg/L,and 89.7% with a RSD of 2.2%(n = 6)at a spiked level of 300 μg/L,respectively.Commonly existed environmental ions had a very limited influence on the extraction efficiency.The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of Ag NPs in river water,lake water,and the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant,with recoveries in the range of 71.0%–90.9% at spiking levels of 0.11–4.7 μg/L.     

气象条件对珠三角秋季地表臭氧年变化及趋势的影响

基于2015~2022年珠三角O₃监测数据以及再分析气象资料,利用多元线性回归（MLR）和LMG方法量化了气象条件对臭氧（O₃）日最大8 h浓度平均值（MDA8-O₃）年变化和趋势的影响. 结果表明,基于关键气象参数建立的MLR模型性能良好,同时基于秋季各月参数建立的MLR模型模拟的MDA8-O₃变化会比基于整个秋季气象参数建立的MLR模型更准确. 总云量、相对湿度、 2 m最高温度和850 hPa经向风的共同作用导致了2020年MDA8-O₃相对于2019年减少了34.1 μg·m^-3,贡献率分别为31.3%、 45.2%、 15.8%和6.7%. 珠三角2015~2022年的9月、 10月、 11月和秋季观测的MDA8-O₃变化率分别为7.3、 5.2、 4.8和5.8 μg·（m³·a）^-1,其中由气象驱动的趋势分别为3.6、 2.4、 2.4和3.1 μg·（m³·a）^-1,整体而言,气象条件对2015~2022年珠三角秋季MAD8-O₃变化的贡献率为53.4%.     

高压塑片法制备PbO2电极及其处理染料废水的研究

利用高压甥片法制备了一种新型PbO2电极,采用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对电极性能进行表征,并研究了其用于处理难降解染料废水(以中性枣红为例)的降解效果.结果表明.该电极不仅具有较高的电催化活性,而且还有很好的抗腐蚀性能,适合含高盐度废水的预处理.通过与普通石墨电极的对比研究发现,该电极在染料脱色和去除COD方面都有明显的优势.在此基础上,提出了新型PbO2电极降解有机物的作用机制.     

Resource frontiers and agglomeration economies: The varied logics of transnational land-based investing in Southern and Eastern Africa

Actor-level data on large-scale commercial agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. The peculiar choice of transnational investing in African land has, therefore, been subject to conjecture. Addressing this gap, we reconstructed the underlying logics of investment location choices in a Bayesian network, using firm- and actor-level interview and spatial data from 37 transnational agriculture and forestry investments across 121 sites in Mozambique, Zambia, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. We distinguish four investment locations across gradients of resource frontiers and agglomeration economies to derive the preferred locations of different investors with varied skillsets and market reach (i.e., track record). In contrast to newcomers, investors with extensive track records are more likely to expand the land use frontier, but they are also likely to survive the high transaction costs of the pre-commercial frontier. We highlight key comparative advantages of Southern and Eastern African frontiers and map the most probable categories of investment locations.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01682-z.     

介孔TiO2纤维的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶和水蒸气活化热处理技术制备了介孔TiO2纤维,考察了各种因素对介孔TiO2纤维光催化活性的影响,并对介孔TiO2纤维结构进行了表征。介孔TiO2纤维的最佳制备条件：n（TBOT）∶n（C6H10O3）∶n（H2O）∶n（C3H8O）=1∶0.4∶2.0∶16,搅拌时间80min,Si与Ti的摩尔比为0.15,采用分段程序升温工艺,活化温度为700℃。所得介孔TiO2纤维比表面积为127.7m2/g,最可几孔径为7.3nm,具有极高的热稳定性及抗晶型转变能力,反应时间75min时活性艳红X-3B降解率为99.3%。