煤矿酸性废水处理技术的应用研究

为了寻求对于煤矿酸性废水的经济适用处理技术,利用石灰中和沉淀法和石灰石中和法分别在贵州省织金县凤凰山地区废弃煤矿及贵阳市花溪区猫冲煤矿废水处理工程中进行应用研究,前者处理后出水pH平均值为8.06、TFe浓度平均值为0.66 mg/L、TMn浓度平均值为0.85 mg/L,工程运行费用为1.06元/t废水;后者处理后出水pH平均值为5.99、TFe浓度平均值为177.76 mg/L、TMn浓度平均值为8.48 mg/L,工程运行基本没有费用。从两个技术应用的水质情况及运行情况分析,两个技术有其相应的适用性。     

锰电解行业铬钝化剂回收利用技术研究

以某电解锰工艺末端铬钝化废水为研究对象,采用氧化、除杂、反应制得成品,污水达标处理及回用的组合工艺,制备达到国家标准的中铬黄产品,以实现铬的回收利用。结果表明:对于H2O2氧化工艺,选用V(水样)/V(30%H2O2)为(600～1000):1;可采取加碱沉淀Mn的工艺去除杂质金属离子;铬酸铅的生成反应适宜温度为55～60℃,硝酸铅投加量为理论值的1.05倍～1.10倍;采取加石灰调pH、投加硫酸铝的方法可去除水样中剩余铅离子,V(上清液)/V(5%硫酸铝溶液)为1000～2000较合适;生产该产品基本上能够做到保本、微利,但具有显著的环境效益和社会效益。     

珠江三角洲非道路移动源排放清单开发

根据收集到的珠江三角洲非道路移动源活动水平数据,采用适合各类非道路移动源污染物排放量的估算方法和排放因子,建立了珠江三角洲地区2006年非道路移动源排放清单.结果表明,珠江三角洲地区2006年非道路移动源排放SO2为6.52×104t,NOx为1.24×105t,VOC为4.54×103t,CO为2.67×104t,PM10为4.51×103t.其中船舶为最大的SO2、NOx、CO和PM10排放贡献源,分别占非道路移动源排放总量的96.4%、73.8%、39.4%和50.5%.在船舶排放源中,SO2、NOx、VOC、CO和PM10排放量的89.8%、81.8%、77.3%、79.5%和81.7%来自货轮和散装干货船.非道路移动源已成为该地区第三大SO2和NOx排放贡献源,分别占珠江三角洲大气污染源SO2和NOx排放总量的8.6%和13.5%.     

Rotary ultrasonic machining of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal: An experimental investigation on surface roughness

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal, widely used for important electro-optic parts, is a typical hard-to-machine material because of its soft, brittle, and anisotropic properties. High quality is usually required for machined surfaces on KDP parts. Reported machining methods for KDP crystal include diamond turning, grinding, magnetorheological finishing, and polishing. Each of these methods has its limitations. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new machining methods for KDP crystal. This paper presents an experimental investigation on surface roughness in rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) of KDP. It was found that the surface roughness obtained when using a tool with a chamfered corner was lower than that obtained using tools with right-angle corners. Other process variables (spindle speed, feedrate, and ultrasonic power) also affected the surface roughness obtained.     

Predicting the impacts of climate change on nonpoint source pollutant loads from agricultural small watershed using artificial neural network

This study described the development and validation of an artificial neural network (ANN) for the purpose of analyzing the e ects of climate change on nonpoint source (NPS) pollutant loads from agricultural small watershed. The runo discharge was estimated using ANN algorithm. The performance of ANN model was examined using observed data from study watershed. The simulation results agreed well with observed values during calibration and validation periods. NPS pollutant loads were calculated from load-discharge relationship driven by long-term monitoring data. LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station-Weather Generator) model was used to generate rainfall data. The calibrated ANN model and load-discharge relationship with the generated data from LARS-WG were applied to analyze the e ects of climate change on NPS pollutant loads from the agricultural small watershed. The results showed that the ANN model provided valuable approach in estimating future runo discharge, and the NPS pollutant loads.     

北京市丰台科技园Ⅰ期声环境现状研究

高新科技园区是一个地区经济发展的重要推动力量,也是一个地区核心竞争力的集中体现。这些地区集中分布着国家重点的科研机构,他们对声环境有很高的要求。本论文重点对北京市丰台科技园区Ⅰ期的声环境的现状做了测量和分析,测量结果表明园区内的噪声污染是比较严重的,平均达标率不到10％。文章就测量的结果对园区的防噪减噪提出了一些建议。     

Enhanced biohydrogen generation from organic wastewater containing NH 4 + by phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides AR-3

NH ₄ ⁺ is typically an inhibitor to hydrogen production from organic wastewater by photo-bacteria. In this experiment, biohydrogen generation with wild-type anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroideswas found to be sensitive to NH ₄ ⁺ due to the significant inhibition of NH ₄ ⁺ to its nitrogenase. In order to avoid the inhibition of NH ₄ ⁺ to biohydrogen generation by R. sphaeroides, a glutamine auxotrophic mutant R. sphaeroides AR-3 was obtained by mutagenizing with ethyl methane sulfonate. The AR-3 mutant could generate biohydrogen efficiently in the hydrogen production medium with a higher NH ₄ ⁺ concentration, because the inhibition of NH ₄ ⁺ to nitrogenase of AR-3 was released. Under suitable conditions, AR-3 effectively produced biohydrogen from tofu wastewater, which normally contains 50–60 mg/L NH ₄ ⁺ , with an average generation rate of 14.2 mL/L·h. This generation rate was increased by more than 100% compared with that from wild-type R. sphaeroides.     

城市污水中重金属对活性污泥系统的影响与对策

通过分析城市污水中重金属的种类与浓度,结合重金属的毒性,选取Cu、Zn、Cr为研究对象,考察了这3种金属离子对活性污泥工艺系统的刺激和抑制作用,包括对微生物种类、微生物生长、基质消耗和处理效果的影响。分析了重金属毒性的影响因素,包括金属种类及浓度、工艺类型、驯化程度等,并相应地提出一些处理重金属废水的可行措施,可采用耐冲击负荷的SBR工艺、或者将活性污泥针对重金属进行驯化、适当提高污泥浓度等,提出了该领域可能的几个研究方向。     

燃烧过程中煤氮热迁移特性研究进展

燃烧过程中煤氮的热迁移特性决定着NOx的生成与最终排放量,并对控制和治理燃煤过程中NOx污染具有重要指导意义。将煤氮的热迁移过程分为挥发分氮及焦炭氮2个不同热迁移路径进行讨论,归纳了在燃烧过程中挥发分氮及焦炭氮热迁移的特性及相关影响因素。最后提出了"定量解析煤氮热迁移过程"这一国际学术难题的研究突破口。