玉米麸质去除废水中汞的研究

随着三废治理的发展,人们对重金属废水的处理已提出了许多卓有成效的方法,如离子交换树脂法,活性炭吸附法,反渗透法,电解法,共沉淀法等,这些方法虽能有效地去除废水中的重金属,但处理费用较高。七十年代初,国外开始有用农副产品废物去除重金属的研究报道,而用玉米麸质去除重金属的研究,国内外未见报道。 本文研究了玉米麸质对重金属汞的去除能力。结果表明,玉米麸质对汞有很好的去除作用,可以作为一种新的废水处理材料。     

水中12种邻苯二甲酸酯的分析

邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate Ester)系一类重要的有机化学物质,主要用做塑料的增塑剂,特别是在聚氯乙烯制品中。随着塑料工业的发展和塑料制品的广泛应用,这类化合物已大量地进入环境,极为普遍地存在于土壤、底泥、水体、生物、空气及大气沉降物等环境样品之中。这类化合物的急性毒性虽然不高(小鼠的口服LD_(50)值为800-1600mg/kg),但动物实验表明它们具有致突(mutagenic)和致畸(teratogenic)活性,某些邻苯二甲酸酯,如DEHP表现出了致癌活性;同时邻苯二甲酸酯对一些水生物具有毒性。因此它们已成为环境科学家所关注的一类重要的有机环境污染物,其中六种邻     

鱼中氯化二苯并二噁(PCDD)和氯化二苯并呋喃(PCDF)的分析

本工作建立了鱼中从四氯到八氯的二苯并二(口恶)(口英)和二苯并呋喃的分析方法。鱼样品经消化后以己烷提取,提取液经两套层析柱净化后,用反相HPLC进一步净化并分为两个级份。采用GC/SIM-MS测定各PCDD和PCDF。     

State-of-the-art applications of machine learning in the life cycle of solid waste management

● State-of-the-art applications of machine learning (ML) in solid waste (SW) is presented. ● Changes of research field over time, space, and hot topics were analyzed. ● Detailed application seniors of ML on the life cycle of SW were summarized. ● Perspectives towards future development of ML in the field of SW were discussed. Due to the superiority of machine learning (ML) data processing, it is widely used in research of solid waste (SW). This study analyzed the research and developmental progress of the applications of ML in the life cycle of SW. Statistical analyses were undertaken on the literature published between 1985 and 2021 in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index to provide an overview of the progress. Based on the articles considered, a rapid upward trend from 1985 to 2021 was found and international cooperatives were found to have strengthened. The three topics of ML, namely, SW categories, ML algorithms, and specific applications, as applied to the life cycle of SW were discussed. ML has been applied during the entire SW process, thereby affecting its life cycle. ML was used to predict the generation and characteristics of SW, optimize its collection and transportation, and model the processing of its energy utilization. Finally, the current challenges of applying ML to SW and future perspectives were discussed. The goal is to achieve high economic and environmental benefits and carbon reduction during the life cycle of SW. ML plays an important role in the modernization and intellectualization of SW management. It is hoped that this work would be helpful to provide a constructive overview towards the state-of-the-art development of SW disposal.     

腐殖酸对针铁矿吸附磷的影响机理

通过添加HA(Humic acid,腐殖酸),研究不同环境条件下HA对针铁矿吸附磷的影响. 结果显示,加入HA能显著降低磷吸附量,pH为4.5时分别加入100和40 mg/L HA,磷的最大吸附量分别降低了26.6%和25.6%;pH为7.0时分别加入100和40 mg/L HA,磷的最大吸附量分别降低了26.8%和23.1%. 不同添加顺序试验结果表明:针铁矿对磷的吸附量大小顺序为后添加HA>同时添加HA和磷>先添加HA;无论是否添加HA,针铁矿对磷的吸附量都随着pH的升高而降低,相应的吸附等温线也都符合Langmuir吸附等温方程;总有机碳和红外光谱特征表明,HA和磷在针铁矿表面吸附点位形成竞争吸附,并且针铁矿表面的羟基在吸附磷和HA的过程中起到了一定的作用.      

异菌脲在土壤中的降解和移动性研究

为明确异菌脲在土壤中的迁移和归趋特征,采用室内模拟方法研究异菌脲在4种不同类型土壤中的降解和移动性以及不同因素对异菌脲降解的影响。结果表明,异菌脲在不同类型土壤中的降解顺序为东北黑土青海草甸土南京黄棕壤江西红壤,降解半衰期分别为7.2、8.6、12.7和16.9 d,异菌脲在4种土壤中均属于易降解农药。土壤湿度越大,异菌脲降解越快,渍水条件下降解速率加快,说明厌氧微生物对异菌脲降解起重要作用。微生物和有机质对异菌脲在土壤降解过程中有一定的促进作用,在微生物、有机质存在的条件下异菌脲降解速率分别提高1.8倍、3.7倍。薄层层析试验表明,异菌脲在南京黄棕壤、东北黑土、江西红壤和青海草甸土的比移值(R_f)分别为0.19、0.17、0.29和0.17,异菌脲在4种土壤中均属于不易移动,土柱淋溶试验结果表明,异菌脲在4种土壤中均属于难淋溶,不易通过淋溶作用造成地下水污染。     

基于可滑性分析的土质边坡局部稳定性研究

传统的局部安全系数计算方法通常是基于某种屈服准则,通过判断坡体内部是否发生塑性屈服来评价边坡局部稳定性。实际上,发生塑性屈服的区域通常远大于滑动面的范围,仅以是否发生塑性屈服作为局部稳定性评价指标偏于保守,为此进行坡体可滑性分析,即考虑坡体内各点具有的形成滑动面的可能性,并定义该指标为滑动因子。同时,将坡体内各点的塑性屈服程度用剪切塑性屈服系数来表示。将两者结合起来共同评价坡体的局部稳定性。研究表明,边坡局部稳定性不仅与坡体内各点沿潜在滑动面的屈服程度有关,还取决于该点形成滑动面的可能性,可表达为剪切塑性屈服系数与滑动因子的乘积。用ACADS边坡考题验证了本文方法的正确性,为边坡稳定性分析提供了思路。     

Di (2-ethylhesyl)(DEHP)和Monoethylphthalate(MEHP)长期暴露对海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)内分泌干扰效应的评价

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯(MEHP)长期暴露对海水生物的内分泌干扰效应及机制,将孵化后1周的海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)分别暴露于DEHP(0.1 mg·L^-1和0.5 mg·L^-1)和MEHP(0.1 mg·L^-1和0.5 mg·L^-1)6个月。结果显示：DEHP显著增加了雌性和雄性海洋青鳉的肝指数,而MEHP只在高剂量时显著增加雄性青鳉的肝指数。对于雌性青鳉,DEHP暴露后肝脏雌激素相关基因ERα、ERβ、ERγ、VTG1、VTG2、ChgH和ChgL的表达水平显著上调,而对于雄性青鳉,DEHP暴露后,只有肝脏ERβ的表达水平显著上调。相比之下,MEHP暴露对雌性和雄性青鳉肝VTG和Chg基因表达无显著影响。DEHP激活了雌性和雄性青鳉的肝过氧化物增殖激活受体PPARα和PPARγ,而MEHP只在低剂量时上调了雄性青鳉PPARγ的表达。在雌性和雄性青鳉体内,VTG和Chg的表达与ERα和ERγ的表达显著相关,并且ER与PPAR也显著相关。研究表明,DEHP长期暴露可通过激活肝性激素受体调控肝雌激素响应基因(VTG和Chg)和过氧化物增殖激活受体(PPARα和PPARγ)的表达而对海洋青鳉产生内分泌干扰效应,并且显示出性别特异性。MEHP对海洋青鳉的内分泌干扰效应弱于DEHP。     

锰离子掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备及在造纸废水处理中的应用

以无机盐无水四氯化钛为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的锰离子掺杂型纳米TiO2作为光催化剂,在高压汞灯的光源照射下对河北省某造纸厂废水进行光催化降解。考察Mn2+/TiO2光催化剂的热处理温度、掺杂量、用量及溶液pH值、光照时间等因素对废水COD降解率的影响。实验结果表明:经460℃热处理1h的Mn2+/TiO2光催化效果较好,在进水ρ(COD)为400 mg/L,初始pH值为4.0、光催化剂用量1.5g/L、光照时间9h条件下,COD去除率可达80.3%。经深度处理的造纸废水,可实现达标排放。     

Rapana venosa as a bioindicator of environmental pollution

The aim of this investigation was to examine biochemical differences in the gastropod Rapana venosa (R. venosa) from polluted (RvP) and nonpolluted (RvN) sites of the Black Sea's Bulgarian coast that may serve as bioindicators of environmental quality. Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (MMg) were collected from polluted (MMgP) and nonpolluted (MMgN) sites at the same time for comparison. Bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of dry matter (DM) methanol extracts from RvP and RvN were determined. Three-dimensional fluorometry (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were used to evaluate polyphenols and proteins. DM methanol extracts from RvP, and to lesser extent RvN, showed high amounts of total phenolics (23.22±2.9 and 15.60±1.8 mg GAE · g^?1 DW) and exhibited high levels of antioxidant activity in some radical scavenging assays (μ MTE · g^?1 DW): 56.38±5.2 and 33.79±3.3 by 2,2azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt (ABTS·⁺); 54.79±5.6 and 33.7±2.6 by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); 62.34±6.8 and 30.31±3.9 by the 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method (DPPH). A correlation in the above indices was found between R. venosa and M. galloprovincialis, but all results were relatively higher for M. galloprovincialis than for R. venosa. The obtained indices of R. venosa may serve as a bioindicator of environmental ecological quality.