钢管集团清洁生产指标体系评价应用实例

当前,我国已正式颁布实施了针对钢铁行业的一系列清洁生产标准。在这些标准中对钢铁行业的各工序及钢铁行业全流程制定了较为详实的定性、定量及体现整合性的指标体系。但截至目前,钢铁类项目清洁生产指标体系评价的应用情况参差不齐。鉴于此,以天津钢管集团股份有限公司结构调整规划项目为背景案例,分析钢铁行业清洁生产指标体系在实际项目清洁生产水平评价应用中的构架及体系,以通过此应用案例为今后钢铁行业清洁生产评价中的定性分析构架提供参考。     

Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management1

Kang, Min‐Goo and Gwang‐Man Lee, 2011. Multicriteria Evaluation of Water Resources Sustainability in the Context of Watershed Management. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):813‐827. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00559.x Abstract: To evaluate water resources sustainability at the watershed scale within a river basin’s context, the Water Resources Sustainability Evaluation Model is developed. The model employs 4 criteria (economic efficiency, social equity, environmental conservation, and maintenance capacity) and has 16 indicators, integrating them using their relative weights. The model is applied to evaluate the water resources sustainability of watersheds in the Geum River basin, South Korea. A geographic information system is employed to efficiently build a database for the indicators, and the values of the indicators are normalized using the probability distribution functions fitted to the datasets of the indicators. The evaluation results show that, overall, the water resources sustainability of the watersheds in the upper basin is better than other areas due to the good environmental conditions and the dam management policies of South Korea. The analysis of the correlations among the model’s components and the comparison between the results of the model and the Water Poverty Index show that the model can provide reasonable evaluation results for the water resources sustainability of watersheds. Consequently, it is concluded that the model can be an effective tool for evaluating the states of water resource management from the perspective of sustainable development and provide a basis on which to create policies for improving any inadequacies in watersheds.     

家具制造企业尘、毒及噪声控制

中国家具制造业迅速发展,木制家具制造职业危害严重影响从业人员的身体健康.通过分析常见的家具制造过程,找出其中可能产生职业危害的工序、环节,并提出了相应的控制措施,以期促进家具制造业企业职业危害程度的降低.     

“双碳”目标下中国海洋渔业碳排放效率区域差异及碳减排潜力研究

基于“碳排”和“碳汇”核算中国海洋渔业碳排放量,运用非期望产出超效率SBM模型测算1980-2019年海洋渔业碳排放效率,并用基尼系数、泰尔指数和变异系数等数理统计分析方法定量分析其区域差异,最后测算中国海洋渔业碳减排潜力。结果表明：研究期间海洋渔业碳排放量整体呈逐年增长的趋势;中国海洋渔业碳排放效率平均水平较高,整体呈先上升后缓慢下降的趋势;中国海洋渔业碳排放效率区域差异明显,数理统计分析法测算变动趋势一致性较高,整体呈波动扩大的演变格局;中国海洋渔业碳减排潜力水平相对稳定,整体呈波动上升的趋势,主要分为3个波动期,碳减排潜力类型多样。     

小麦和水稻对纳米硒的吸收和转运

通过水培试验,研究了不同粒径纳米硒(Se NPs)和不同p H条件对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)及水稻(Oryza sativa L.)吸收、转运硒的影响.结果表明,小麦和水稻对不同粒径(50、100和150 nm) Se NPs的吸收规律不同. 24 h和72 h处理下,小麦根系对3种粒径Se NPs的吸收无显著差异,但其地上部中的硒含量(以干重计,下同)在50 nm Se NPs处理下达到最高,分别为(1. 89±0. 47)μg·g-1和(5. 18±1. 51)μg·g-1.硒在小麦体内的转运系数也在50 nm Se NPs处理24 h时显著高于其他粒径Se NPs处理2. 38倍(P 0. 05).对于水稻而言,50 nm Se NPs处理24 h时根系中的硒含量分别比100 nm和150 nm Se NPs处理增加了11. 18%和41. 81%,但在72 h时3种粒径Se NPs处理间根系对硒的吸收无显著差异.同时,硒在水稻中的地上部含量和转运系数也在50 nm Se NPs处理达到了最大值.另外,p H条件也会影响植物对硒的吸收和转运. Se NPs处理24h时,小麦根系在p H为6时对硒的吸收量最大,并高于亚硒酸盐处理89. 47%,但在p H为4时小麦对硒的转运能力最强.水稻在p H较低时(p H为3. 5和5. 5),对Se NPs的吸收量显著低于亚硒酸盐,且Se NPs在p H为3. 5时更易转运.以上结果表明水稻和小麦均可以吸收Se NPs,并且在p H较低的环境下Se NPs粒径越小越容易在植物体内转运.     

大面积停电下配电网重要用户的应急供电策略研究

为研究电网较长时间停电环境下应急发电车与发电燃油供应协同优化调度问题,首先在电力公司管理现状基础上,通过对重要用户识别分析,按照是否自行配备发电机将重要用户进行分类,针对已经配备发电机的用户,重点考虑周期性供应燃油,对未配备发电机的用户,电力公司需紧急调度有限移动应急发电车,据此构建2阶段的移动应急发电车和油料供应模型以保证重要用户的紧急供电不会中断（第1阶段为电力公司应急发电车指派,第2阶段为加油站油料补充分配）。然后,将该调度问题转化为移动应急发电车指派问题和运油车路径问题的非线性混合模型,针对非线性目标函数和约束条件,通过引入大M法和变量替换进行线性化,得到混合整数线性规划,最小化负荷损失和成本为目标。最后,以某市电网重要用户为例,验证上述模型有效性,并通过原模型与聚类模型对比强调有限移动应急发电车的有效利用具备一定重要性。研究结果对电网公司保障应急供电具有重要指导意义。     

Life cycle–based,energy-related analysis for waste management strategies: a case study of two impact indicators in Pyongyang

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Municipal solid waste (MSW) is regarded to be an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, which could result in a significant impact on climate...     

Effect of inorganic carbonate and organic matter in thermal treatment of mercury-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thermal treatment of mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil was studied to investigate the desorption behavior of Hg at different temperatures. The soil...     

快速城镇化地域生态承载力评价模型构建与分析

综合客观地评价城镇区域生态承载状况是中国快速城镇化进程中经济与环境协调发展的保障。传统生态承载力测度法仍偏向于将区域作为封闭系统来研究,但现实中区域生态系统是和外界相沟通的,区域对承栽力的需求可外部化。为综合测度城镇生态承栽力,以生态经济学理论为依据,结合快速城镇化地域特点,构建了快速城镇化地域生态承载力评价模型,并以义乌市为例,对2005年-2007年的生态承载力状况进行了评价与分析。评价结果表明,义乌2005年-2007年的生态承载力值均大于1,以东莞市和惠州市两个典型城镇的生态承载力值为参比值,与其相比较后说明义鸟的生态承载力状况良好;但逐渐以过高的生态成本来换取经济增长,生态承载力值逐年降低,生态承载力状况逐年变差。评价结果较准确地反映了区域的实际情况,所提出的评价方法能较准确客观地评价快速城镇化地域的生态承栽力状况。     

Economic and health benefits of the co-reduction of air pollutants and greenhouse gases

This study examines the monetary value of social costs—private costs and negative externalities—that could be avoided by energy conservation actions. A novel Air Resource Co-Benefits (ARCoB) model has been developed in this study to assess the comprehensive social benefits of greenhouse gas GHG mitigation policy. The rollback model is used to estimate changes in air pollutant concentrations attributed to the emission reductions. Change in ozone concentration is converted from non-methane hydrocarbons based on the maximum ozone increment reactivity. In addition to saved medical expenditure, years of potential life lost (YPLL) is estimated based on the exposure-response coefficients for mortality and is calculated with abridged life table. Two cases of energy efficiency improvement in different scales are analyzed to estimate the annual co-benefits of abatements of air pollutants and greenhouse gas in 2009: 1) the energy intensity reduction in the industrial sector and 2) energy saving at Taipei Taiwan City Hall. Results indicate the saved energy cost accounted for 66 % and 70 % in the first and second case, respectively, and was a major part of the total benefit from energy conservation. The saved air pollution fee was 7.8–8.5 times lower than the averted health cost of medical expenditure, which was US$10.34 million in the first case, in which there were also averted YPLL of 3,478 person-years or averted deaths of 311 persons per year.