AV30涂料应用于飞机结构件防腐性能的研究

针对飞机内部典型结构的局部腐蚀环境进行了加速腐蚀环境及加速腐蚀试验方法研究,提出了适用于飞机内部结构重腐蚀区涂层的加速试验环境谱.结果表明,与现役飞机涂层相比,AV30脱水防腐涂层的抗环境腐蚀性良好,同时总结了轻质材料钛合金连接结构涂层的腐蚀失效特点.     

战时石化厂人口应急疏散研究

根据现代战争可能对石化厂的破坏及其影响,借鉴石化厂爆炸事故灾难性破坏的经验,对战时石化厂及其周边人口疏散问题进行了研究,包括疏散时机、疏散对象、疏散范围、安置目的地、组织指挥等,为制定战时人口疏散预案提供指导.     

基于生态系统的海洋管理:原则、实践和建议

基于生态系统的管理(ecosystem-based management, EBM)是一种得到海洋界广泛关注和普遍认可的管理理念,文章分析了EBM的内涵、原则,简要介绍了各海洋大国在海洋发展战略中基于生态系统的海洋管理实践,并简要分析了我国在基于生态系统的海洋管理方面的初步尝试.结合EBM所提倡的原则、方法以及我国国情,文章提出了为实施基于生态系统的海洋管理所急需开展的工作,包括开展海洋管理单元区划研究、制定科学的管理目标、建立和健全生态系统监测和评价系统、建立涉海机构和部门之间的有效合作机制以及扩展公众参与海洋管理的渠道等五个方面.     

电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫电源和放电极的研究

当今治理SO2大气污染已经迫在眉睫,势在必行。探求技术上先进、经济上合理的脱硫技术是现阶段环保领域广泛关注的焦点之一。电晕放电等离子脱硫技术是一项新颖的,极有发展前途的干法烟气处理技术。在电晕放电脱硫试验中,考察直流电源和脉冲电源在脱硫反应中的放电性能,相同条件下,脉冲电源的脱硫效率高于直流电源。对比四种不同电极的放电性能,在其它条件相同情况下,喷嘴电极的脱硫效率最高,锯齿电极脱硫效率次之,角钢芒刺电极脱硫效率第三,星型线电极脱硫效率最低。其原因为放电性能主要取决于放电极的曲率半径。     

浑河沈阳段污水排放口最优规划研究

针对沈阳市经济发展和污染加剧的特点,为合理充分利用浑河水环境容量,节约投资,建立了浑河沈阳段主要排污口最优化模型,并应用分段线性化对该模型进行了线性化,进而确定排污口最优化线性模型,最后通过M atlab软件求解出各排放口的污水允许排放浓度及最低的处理费用。     

CALPUFF模型在大气环境容量测算中的应用研究

本研究利用CALPUFF空气质量扩散模式模拟了凉山州2007年气象场和s02浓度场,通过现状监测结果与模拟结果的比较评述了模型的适用性;并根据西昌市现状污染源和虚拟污染源情况,通过CALPUFF模拟建立大气污染物传递矩阵,结合线性优化模型测算了西昌市大气环境容量。     

生物陶粒——硅藻土联合工艺脱氮除磷

试验采用硅藻土和生物接触氧化组合工艺处理污水处理厂出水,氨氮从10mg／L下降到0．5mg／L以下,去除率70～95％;硅藻土澄清池对总磷的去除率高于95％;且对浊度、色度均有良好的去除效果。     

Effects of the simultaneous application of potassium and calcium on the soil-to-Chinese cabbage transfer of radiocesium and radiostrontium

Pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to investigate how effectively the transfer of radiocesium and radiostrontium from soil to Chinese cabbage could be reduced by applying K and Ca simultaneously to the soil. The sources of these elements were KCl and Ca(OH)(2) at agrochemical grades. Varying dosages of K and Ca were tested for an acid loamy soil treated with a mixed solution of (137)Cs and (85)Sr at two different times - 3 d before sowing and 32 d after sowing. For the pre-sowing deposition, the soil-to-plant transfer of (137)Cs decreased sharply with increasing dosages of K and Ca (K/Ca, g m(-2)) from 4.8/46 up to 22.4/215 but the (85)Sr transfer had the greatest reduction at a dosage of 12.8/123. At this dosage, an about 60% reduction occurred for each radionuclide. Plant growth was inhibited from the dosage of 22.4/215, above which all the plants died young. Both dosages of 4.8/46 and 12.8/123 tested following the growing-time deposition produced around 95% reductions for (137)Cs and 50% reductions for (85)Sr. In the second year after the 12.8/123 applications, the effects for (85)Sr were almost the same as in the first year, whereas those for (137)Cs were diminished slightly for the pre-sowing deposition and markedly for the growing-time deposition. Considerably (K) or slightly (Ca) higher doses than 12.8/123 would be allowable for the maximum TF reductions achievable without a growth inhibition.     

Predictive model for the (14)C radioactivity in a plant following an exposure to airborne (14)CO(2) gas

This paper provides details of a dynamic compartment model for estimating the (14)C radioactivity in an agricultural plant exposed to an amount of airborne (14)CO(2) gas. The plant, in the model, is divided into two compartments, the plant body (shoot and root) and ears, to predict the radioactivity of different parts of a plant. The carbon transports from, to and between the compartments are described by the processes of a photosynthesis, respiration, and translocation. The carbon transport fluxes of these processes are determined from the growth rates of a plant, which are usually easily attained. The model predictions showed that the present model could converge to a region where the specific activity model is applicable when the elapsed exposure time was extended up to the harvest time of a plant. The (14)C activity of a plant was greatly affected by the elapsed exposure time, the developmental stages of a plant at an exposure time, and the airborne (14)C activity during an exposure. It was expected that the peak of the ears' (14)C activity appeared when the exposure time was close to the ears-maturity date. The model predictions agreed reasonably well with the measured (14)C radioactivity of the rice plants that were artificially exposed to (14)CO(2) of a high (14)C source for a short period of time in an exposure box.     

基于SLEUTH模型的无锡市区土地利用变化情景模拟

以城市化快速发展和生态环境压力突出的无锡市区为研究区,综合集成地形图、交通图以及1980、1995和2000年TM/ETM土地利用遥感解译资料,应用SLEUTH元胞自动机模型对土地利用变化过程进行情景模拟,揭示不同土地保护强度下的土地利用变化趋势。研究结果：SLEUTH模型首先对过去土地利用变化实现了动态模拟,模拟精度较高;在模拟形成的未来土地利用变化情景中,情景Ⅰ是基于维持现状土地利用保护强度基本不变的假设,城镇用地将迅速扩张,并占用大量水田和旱地,城镇扩张形态以边缘增长为主;情景Ⅱ则将水田保护强度提高50%,旱地提高12%,林草地提高50%,则城镇用地迅速扩张及耕地大量被占用的趋势得到有效控制;研究也进一步证明了SLEUTH模型在我国快速城市化背景下土地利用变化模拟和预测中的适用性。