新生态二氧化锰对水中三价砷去除作用的研究

研究了新生态MnO2对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除效果。结果表明:新生态MnO2对As(Ⅲ)去除率高,作用速度快,作用过程符合二级动力学方程;pH=6.5时吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Frundlich方程;pH<7时,As(Ⅲ)的去除率均达80%以上,受pH和初始浓度影响较小,且与H3AsO3的pKa无关的非特性吸附;阴离子与As(Ⅲ)有吸附竞争作用,阳离子的加入可使As(Ⅲ)的去除率接近100%。     

Decomposition pathways and reaction intermediate formation of the purified, hydrolyzed azo reactive dye C.I. Reactive Red 120 during ozonation

In this study, an aqueous solution of purified, hydrolyzed C.I. Reactive Red 120 (RR 120, Color Index), was selected as a model to investigate the degradation pathways and to obtain additional information on the reaction intermediate formation. The dye was purified to avoid the influence of the impurities on the ozonation process and on the formation of oxidation by-products. To simulate the dye-bath effluents from dyeing processes with azo reactive dyes, a hydrolyzed form of the dye was chosen as a representative compound. High performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and its tandem mass spectrometry was chosen to identify the decomposition pathways and reaction intermediate formation during the ozonation process. In addition total organic carbon and high performance ion chromatography analysis were employed to obtain further information on the reaction processes during ozonation. Purified, hydrolyzed RR 120 was decomposed under the direct nucleophilic attack by ozone resulting in oxidation and cleavage of azo group and aromatic ring, while the triazine group still remained in the solution even after prolonged oxidation time (120 min) due to its high resistance to ozonation. Phenol, 1,2-dihydroxysulfobezene, 1-hydroxysulfonbezene were detected as the degradation intermediates, which were further oxidized by O(3) and *OH to other open-ring products and then eventually led to simple oxalic and formic acid identified by HPIC.     

Modeling VOC-odor exposure risk in livestock buildings

This paper describes a novel idea of linking models of exposure, internal dosimetry, and health effects. Risk assessment approach that integrates predicted odor caused by volatile organic compounds (VOC-odor) of toluene/xylene concentrations in human tissues leads to predict exposure risks in livestock buildings. First, VOC transport model was developed to calculate airborne toluene/xylene concentrations. Based on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, concentrations within five compartments representing lung, liver, fat, slowly perfused tissues, and rapidly perfused tissues could be quantified. By using a pharmacodynamic (PD) Hill model, we can optimally fit data from rat and human experiments to reconstruct dose-response relationships for accounting human health effects from nose poke and eye irritation. Results demonstrated that peak tissue concentration occurring at 5-10h in that fat contains the highest concentration than other tissues at around 4ppm of toluene and 1.8ppm of xylene. The EC(10) values are 114 and 232ppm, whereas expected risks are estimated to be 0.71% and 0.26% of human exposure to toluene and xylene, respectively. Risk analyses indicate that inhalation exposure in livestock buildings poses no significant threat to human health under the present environmental conditions. This method provides a rigorous and effective approach to relate target tissue concentration to human nose poke or eye irritation. We suggest that our probabilistic framework and methods be taken seriously because they produce general conclusions that are more robust and could offer a risk-management framework for discussion of future establishment of limits for respiratory exposure to VOC-odor.     

聚硅硫酸铝的形貌结构和絮凝机理

以工业水玻璃、工业硫酸铝为原料制得聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)复合絮凝剂,采用电子显微镜观察了不同,nAl/n(Si)的PASS的形貌,借助倒置式生物显微镜分析了PASS所形成絮体的形貌并用激光粒度分析仪对絮体粒度分布进行了测定,通过红外光谱和X-射线衍射研究了PASS中铝与聚硅酸的相互作用情况,考察了模拟江水中胶体颗粒物和PASS水解物的Zeta电位随pH值的变化,在此基础上探讨分析了PASS的絮凝机理和絮凝过程.结果发现:nAl/n(Si)对PASS的形貌有较大影响,絮体粒度分布的数据印证了该结果;红外光谱图表明PASS中有Si-O-Al振动峰出现,峰强度随nAl/n(Si)减小而增大;X-射线衍射图证实了聚硅硫酸铝不是晶体,而是铝水解产物与聚硅酸共同作用形成的无定型聚合物;吸附架桥及粘结卷裹作用是PASS絮凝时的主导作用.     

改性粉煤灰在酸雾治理方面的研究

为去除化工生产等过程中产生的酸雾废气,首先用水作用法、微波法和传统湿法对粉煤灰进行改性试验,结果显示:传统湿法中的碱法效果最佳,改性后粉煤灰的BET比表面积是改性前的8.23倍.再用改性后的粉煤灰与廉价易得的天然矿物沸石和熟石灰作为活性组分,制得一种新型的复合吸附剂.常温常压下,动态吸附盐酸雾,实验结果表明:由改性粉煤灰制作的吸附剂G对盐酸雾的吸附性能比未经改性的吸附剂W有所提高,在文中所述条件下,饱和吸附量由改性前的331.4 mg/g提高到改性后的445.2 mg/g.     

锌精炼铅塔燃烧系统烟气温度模糊控制研究

针对锌精馏铅塔动态过程中的非线性、非最小相位特征、不稳定性、时滞和负荷干扰,基于模糊控制策略下给出了锌精馏铅塔燃烧系统新的控制方法.运用模糊控制系统对锌精馏铅塔的烟气温度进行仿真研究和实时控制结果表明,该研究所设计的模糊控制器能够克服许多干扰因素,产生了良好的控制效果.     

珠三角地区城市雨洪过程模拟与计算——以佛山市南海区北村水系为例

受城市化快速发展及其内在的土地利用、水系调整、高架桥建设等复杂因素影响,城市降雨、入渗、蒸发、径流及其污染物输移过程已发生很大改变,由此导致的城市内涝与水环境污染等问题已经成为制约当地经济社会可持续发展的重要因素.基于城市雨洪径流传输过程模拟模型SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)对广东省佛山市南海区北村水系雨洪过程进行模拟计算,分析得到不同降雨和土地利用条件下北村水系雨洪可利用量及径流过程、地表污染物入河量及输移过程规律.结果表明,随降雨频率的减小,北村水系主要控制点的径流总量增大,面源污染物总量增大,通过增加城市绿地面积可以有效地减少洪水总量以及消减洪峰流量.     

外军皮肤防护器材化学防护性能测试与评价用标准物质研究进展

本文简迷了皮肤防护器材--化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的重要性,系统地概述了外军化学防护服(衣)化学防护性能试验与评价用标准物质的研究现状,并提出了我国化学防护服(衣)防护性能试验与评价用标准物质研制过程中应注意的一些问题.     

地质因素对煤层瓦斯赋存影响的研究

为研究地质因素对煤层瓦斯赋存的影响,针对淮北矿区石台煤矿3煤层,采用瓦斯地质块段划分的方法,以井田内主要断层和天然焦区为界,把3煤层划分为3个独立的地质块段,分区对不同地质块段内地质因素对煤层瓦斯赋存规律进行研究,分析褶皱构造、断裂构造及岩浆侵蚀等对煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯涌出量的影响。结果表明:地质构造对瓦斯保存和运移起到重要作用,岩浆岩侵入对石台煤矿3煤层煤与瓦斯突出的控制作用最为明显,地质块段的划分(分区管理)对地质构造复杂的高瓦斯及煤与瓦斯突出矿井具有重要意义。     

试论Java与木材加工业自动化控制和安全生产的关系

Java(Java也是美国加里福尼亚州Sun Microsystems公司的注册商标)正快速成为一种用于加工制造业和系统集成的计算机编程语言。相对于标准C和C^ 计算机语言而言，Java的多功能性和支持众多计算机操作系统和平台的显著特点，使它能在装备有不同计算机平台和控制系统的机械设备上使用提供了最大的方便性。从而提高了木材产品加工过程的安全性。本文就Java软件系统在木材加工和家具加工过程中的应用以及潜在问题进行探讨。