人工快速渗滤系统治理暴雨径流污染研究

土地处理技术是一项简单高效的污水处理技术,试验利用人工快速渗滤系统对武汉动物园暴雨径流进行了治理研究。试验结果表明,除总悬浮颗粒外各水质指标都达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准,具有良好的污水深度处理能力。系统对水量的削减较显著,在22.1cm/d的高水力负荷下,削减率达59.5%。     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength,hydraulic residence time(HRT),and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product(SMP) production were investigated,to gain insights into the production mechanism.A carrier anaerobic batfled reactor (CABR) treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions,namely,feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L,HRTs of 9-18 h,and temperatures of 10-28℃.Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature.At high temperature (28℃),SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature Was decreased to 18 and 10℃.the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT Therefore,temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) ratio Was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation.SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR.As a secondary metabolite.some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

煤矸石的危害性与资源化利用技术研究

煤矸石是煤炭生产和洗煤过程中伴生的一种固体废弃物,废弃的煤矸石污染水体、空气和土壤,甚至破坏生态环境.煤矸石又是一种可以开发利用的再生资源,其矿物特性和理化性能决定综合利用途径,对煤矸石的组分和性质进行分析、评价,有利于选择最佳资源化方向.     

Size distribution and di use pollution impacts of PAHs in street dust in urban streams in the Yangtze River Delta

Particles of dust washed o streets by stormwater are an important pathway of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into urban streams. This article presented a comprehensive assessment of the size distribution of PAHs in street dust particles, the potential risks of the particles in urban streams, and the sources and sinks of PAHs in the stream network. This assessment was based on measurements of 16 PAHs from the USEPA priority list in street dust particles and river sediments in Xincheng, China. The content of total PAHs ranged from 1629 to 8986 g/kg in street dust particles, where smaller particles have a higher concentrations. Approximately 55% of the total PAHs were associated with particles less than 250 m which accounted for 40% of the total mass of street dust. The PAH quantities increased from 2.41 to 46.86 g/m2 in the sequence of new residential, rising through main roads, old town residential, commercial and industrial areas. The sediments in stream reaches in town were found to be sinks for street dust particle PAHs. The research findings suggested that particle size, land use and the hydrological conditions in the stream network were the factors which most influenced the total loads of PAH in the receiving water bodies.     

Pollutant loads of surface runo inWuhan City Zoo, an urban tourist area

The pollutant loads of surface runoff in an urban tourist area have been investigated for two years in the Wuhan City Zoo, China. Eight sampling sites, including two woodlands, three animal yards, two roofs and one road, were selected for sampling and study. The results indicate that pollutants ranked in a predictable order of decreasing load （e.g. animal yard〉roof〉woodland〉road）, with animal yards acting as the key pollution source in the zoo. Pollutants were transported mainly by particulate form in runoff. Particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorous accounted on average for 61%, 78% of total pollutant, respectively, over 13 monitored rainfall events. These results indicate the treatment practices should be implemented to improve particulate nutrient removal. Analysis of the M（V） curve indicate that no first flush effect existed in the surface runoff from pervious areas （e.g. woodland, animal ground yard）, whereas a first flush effect was evident in runoff from impervious surfaces （e.g. animal cement yard, roof, road）.     

五种土壤吸附喹乙醇特性的研究

用振荡平衡法研究了喹乙醇在东北黑土、常熟水稻土、陕西潮土、南京黄棕壤和江西红壤中吸附行为及其影响因素.结果表明,喹乙醇在5种土壤中的吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行良好的线性拟合.其吸附系数KF很小,分别为2.813,1.740,0.446,0.309和0.201,显示很难被土壤吸附.其KF与土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量呈良好的相关性.而与土壤pH值及黏粒含量相关性较差.温度和离子强度均对喹乙醇在土壤中的吸附有一定影响,较低的温度和离子强度均有利于土壤对喹乙醇的吸附.     

氨法脱硫试验研究分析

为研究氨法脱硫中气液比、吸收液pH值、吸收液浓度以及进口烟温对脱硫效果的影响,设计了一套实验台,以亚硫酸铵为吸收剂进行了实验研究和分析.结果表明,气液比越小,脱硫效率越高;吸收液pH值越大,脱硫效果越好;脱硫效率随吸收液浓度的增大先增加后减小,中间存在最大值;而温度对脱硫效果的影响不大.同时可根据此结果,气液比选择在0.2～0.25L/m3范围,pH值选择为6～7.5范围,吸收液浓度为5.5％左右时,可使脱硫效果达到最好.     

基于凸形壁面的虚拟冲击式呼吸性粉尘采样器研究*

为研究满足BMRC曲线的呼吸尘采样器,提高呼吸尘采样的准确性,基于虚拟冲击原理,针对隔离主流和弱流通道壁面的形状,提出1种基于虚拟冲击原理的呼吸尘采样器的改进结构,并对不同模型进行模拟仿真实验,利用Ansys Fluent气-固2相流模拟采样器中的流场,对呼吸性粉尘颗粒在流场内的运动轨迹进行跟踪,对仿真得到的呼吸尘分离效能与BMRC曲线的标准进行对比。结果表明:相比采样器原型和主弱流壁面形状为“凹型”,虚拟冲击式呼吸尘采样器主弱流壁面形状为“凸型”时对呼吸尘采样的效果更好,同时分离效能与BMRC曲线的标准差为δ=2.65%,满足偏差小于等于5%的要求。研究结果可为呼吸尘采样器的优化设计提供参考。     

活性污泥中主要微生物菌群研究进展

活性污泥是污水处理厂曝气池内有机污染物转化的主体,其生物活性的高低从根本上决定了一个污水处理厂的污水处理能力,而活性污泥的生物活性又主要取决于其中的微生物菌群结构和功能。因此,活性污泥微生物菌群研究一直是环境科学、生态学和环境工程等领域的研究重点。人类对活性污泥微生物菌群的认识也随着其研究方法的发展而逐步深入。本文对活性污泥中的主要微生物菌群极其特性做了描述,并简单介绍了菌群的几种研究方法,对研究趋势作了展望。