实施跨界水环境补偿的探讨——对《水污染防治行动计划》中“实施跨界水环境补偿”的解读

针对《水污染防治行动计划》提出"实施跨界水环境补偿"的要求,文章总结分析了国内外已开展的水环境补偿实践情况,表明实施水环境补偿对跨界水质改善具有较好作用;从宏观层面分析了在我国推广跨界水环境补偿面临的主要困境与问题,并从政策、资金等方面提出了相关建议,为下阶段我国推广实施跨界水环境补偿提供参考。     

Enhanced CO2 adsorptive performance of PEI/SBA-15 adsorbent using phosphate ester based surfactants as additives

In this study,a series of polyetherimide/SBA-15: 2-D hexagonal P6 mm,Santa Barbara USA(PEI/SBA-15) adsorbents modified by phosphoric ester based surfactants(including tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate(TEP),bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate(BEP) and trimethyl phosphonoacetate(TMPA))were prepared for CO_2 adsorption.Experimental results indicated that the addition of TEP and BEP had positive effects on CO_2 adsorption capacity over PEI/SBA-15.In particular,the CO_2 adsorption amount could be improved by around 20% for 45PEI–5TEP/SBA-15 compared to the additive-free adsorbent.This could be attributed to the decrease of CO_2 diffusion resistance in the PEI bulk network due to the interactions between TEP and loaded PEI molecules,which was further confirmed by adsorption kinetics results.In addition,it was also found that the cyclic performance of the TEP-modified adsorbent was better than the surfactant-free one.This could be due to two main reasons,based on the results of in situ DRIFT and TG-DSC tests.First and more importantly,adsorbed CO_2 species could be desorbed more rapidly over TEP-modified adsorbent during the thermal desorption process.Furthermore,the enhanced thermal stability after TEP addition ensured lower degradation of amine groups during adsorption/desorption cycles.     

新疆诺尔特地区石炭纪火山岩的成岩机制

诺尔特地区位于阿尔泰北部山区 ,西伯利亚板块西南缘。诺尔特地区石炭纪火山岩赋存于下石炭统红山嘴组中 ,火山岩属钙碱性系列 ,主要是酸性陆相火山岩。火山岩岩浆起源于诺尔特地区中地壳位置 ,成岩物质来源于地壳。痕量元素协变关系、皮尔斯元素比值、元素丰度关系及氧同位素特征的研究表明 ,石炭纪火山岩具有明显的部分熔融成岩机制的特点 ,而结晶分异作用特点不明显 ,无混合作用特点的显示。石炭纪火山岩为部分熔融作用的产物。     

美军标MIL-STD-810与国军标150

分析了湿热环境对装备的影响及机理,介绍了美国军标810C/D/E/F各版本中湿热试验程序的特点,分析了这些程序的变化过程及其对GJB 150/150A湿热试验程序的影响,指出了810F/和GJB150A的湿热试验的目的仅是用以加速发现装备湿热问题,不再模拟寿命期遇到的复杂的温、湿度环境,实际上是一种加速试验。     

西安地区土壤CO2 释放量和释放规律

根据碱溶液吸收法,对西安地区不同植被条件下土壤CO2释放量进行了昼夜观测,观测资料显示,西安地区各月份土壤CO2释放量在一昼夜内具有明显的变化,从当日上午到次日上午,CO2释放量表现出由低变高再变低的规律,土壤CO2释放量变化与温度变化具有相同的特征,但释放量的变化具有滞后性,相对于温度的变化滞后4－6h左右,温度是决定土壤CO2释放量昼夜变化规律的主要因素,它的升高和降低分别造成了土壤CO2和放量的增加和减少,不同植被条件下,土壤CO2释放量不同,林地释放量大于草地,草地释放量大于裸地,夜间12h释放量大于白天12h释放量。     

发达农村生活垃圾特性调查及治理技术探讨

为了了解我国发达地区农村垃圾特征,以丹阳市群楼村为研究对象,通过现场调查和问卷调查的方式分析了群楼村的垃圾特性,并对群楼村垃圾的集运方式、处理措施以及当地居民对垃圾的认识进行了调查。表明群楼村的垃圾已经具有城市垃圾的特征,但垃圾配套处理措施及居民意识远远没有达到要求。根据调查的结果探讨了适合群楼村以及发达地区农村生活垃圾集运方式与管理模式。     

云南蒙自县新建小区室内空气污染调查及防治措施探讨

对蒙自县新建小区11户33个点室内环境空气中的游离甲醛、氨、苯进行了监测，游离甲醛和苯均超过标准。对有害物质的来源、危害及防治进行了讨论。     

硝铵共浆溶液热安全性研究

为防止硝铵共浆溶液在配制、储存、运输和生产复合肥过程中发生爆炸事故,利用自制实验装置对硝铵共浆溶液的热安全性进行了实验研究.结果表明,硝铵共浆溶液低于纯硝酸铵水溶液的临界爆炸温度,具有很大的危险性;硝酸铵的浓度对硝铵共浆溶液的临界爆炸温度的影响很大,硝酸铵浓度越高,其临界爆炸温度就越低,也越易爆炸;氯离子有促进硝铵共浆溶液爆炸的作用;油脂会降低硝铵共浆溶液的热稳定性,降低其临界爆炸温度.研究结果对相关化肥企业的安全生产有指导意义.     

改性壳聚糖复合凹凸棒土絮凝油漆废水

将壳聚糖、阳离子淀粉和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)进行三元接枝共聚,制备了三元接枝改性壳聚糖(CTS-DMDAAC-CS),通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对其结构进行了表征.并且将三元接枝改性壳聚糖与凹凸棒土进行优化复配,对油漆废水进行了絮凝实验,得出了当pH=12,沉降时间为20 min,复合絮凝剂投加量为0.2 g,三元接枝共聚物:凹凸棒土=1:10时,该复合絮凝剂对油漆去除率最佳能够达到89.3%,并且絮凝效果好,是一种新型绿色环保的有机-无机复合絮凝剂.     

Removal of 2-chlorophenol from water using rice-straw derived ash

Removal of 2-chlorophenol from water using rice-straw derived ash (RSDA) was evaluated in this study to compare with commercial activated carbon. RSDA was obtained by burning rice-straw at 400 °C and 700 °C for 1 h. This ash can provide a better adsorbent for 2-chlorophenol. The adsorption capacities of RSDA at 400 °C and 700 °C are 37 and 52 mg g?1 at pH 4, respectively, and decrease to 9.0 and 40 mg g?1 at pH 10. Adsorption of either neutral or anionic 2-cholorphenol by the RSDA are shown as L-shaped nonlinear isotherms, suggesting surface adsorption rather than partitioning is occurring. At higher-burning temperatures, the surface area, porosity, point of zero charge and aromaticity of the resultant RSDA increase, but the oxygen content and surface acidity decrease. The combined effects result in a higher 2-chlorophenol adsorption of RSDA at 700 °C, which shows a slight pH effect on the adsorption of 2-chlorophenol, due to the lower content of oxygen-containing functional groups. Oxygen-containing functional groups contribute to surface acidity and H-bonding sites for adsorbed water, which compromises the interaction between 2-chlorophenol and the adsorbents. Thus, it suggests that rice-straw derived carbon (RSDC) can be used as an effective low-cost substitute material for activated carbon for removal of chlorophenols from wastewater.