河南省2006-2012年居民虚拟水消费计算与分析

以虚拟水计算为基础,计算了2006-2012年河南省城乡居民在饮食方面的人均虚拟水消费量和年虚拟水消费量.结果显示,河南省城市人均虚拟水消费量远高于农村,这主要是由于收入差距造成的;农村虚拟水总量远高于城市,这是由于人口总数造成的.在此基础上,深入分析了河南省城市与农村各收入阶层的人均虚拟水消费量差异,计算了虚拟水消费多样性指数多年变化.结果显示,城市各收入阶层虚拟水消费量总体变化不大,农村各收入阶层虚拟水消费多样性指数呈下降趋势,城市与农村虚拟水消费量均随收入增长而增加,城市与农村虚拟水消费多样性指数均随收入增长而变大.因此,应从缩小城乡差距、改善消费模式和控制人口等方面做到减少虚拟水消费量.     

高盐废水人工湿地处理中耐盐植物的筛选

天津塘沽作为滨海新区核心区,是目前天津发展最快的地区之一。由于本区盐碱土壤等自然条件,污水中盐分含量较高,制约了废水的回用。本文通过模拟人工湿地实验,比较了芦苇（Phragmites australis）、盐地碱篷（Suaeda salsa）、碱蒿（Artemisia anethifo原lia）、黄花鸢尾（Iris wilsonii）、盐角草（Salicornia europaea）和大米草（Spartina anglica）等耐盐植物对轻污染水体中高浓度氯离子的去除能力,筛选出去除能力较强的植物,并确定植物对盐分去除率达到最大时的生态系统条件。结果表明,适合人工湿地的耐盐碱植物对氯离子的去除效果依次为：芦苇＆gt;盐地碱篷＆gt;碱蒿＆gt;黄花鸢尾＆gt;盐角草＆gt;大米草,停留时间一般在第4d时可达到平衡。该研究为利用人工湿地处理高盐废水提供了科学依据。     

火焰原子吸收性能的测试

火焰原子化方式在原子吸收测试方法中起着重要的主导作用,在考核时通过对金属镉、锌两种元素的灵敏度、精密度、准确度、检出限的测试,可以了解使用多年的原子吸收分光光度计的火焰原子吸收的测试性能,及时掌握火焰原子吸收测试性能的调整.     

用于地震预警系统的单台站防误触发算法研究

利用单台站的信息在较短的时间内识别地震事件和干扰事件是地震预警系统面临的关键问题。研究了基于波形特征参数的决策树方法来提高地震预警系统的单台抗干扰能力。为了研究电磁干扰对地震预警系统的影响,进行了7种电磁干扰试验。使用事件触发后3 s内的波形数据提取5个特征(事件结束否、Speed、Sparse、Pration、对称性),用决策树建立了特征值和事件类型之间的映射关系。使用了大量的强震记录和干扰记录(6359条强震记录、163条干扰记录)对训练后的决策树进行了验证。结果表明,所提方法识别率高,易转换成IF-THEN规则,能方便地写到计算机程序或专家系统中。该算法可以作为地震预警或报警系统的前端地震事件检测模块,以提高系统的可靠性。     

溜砂坡的成灾机理与防治对策

溜砂坡足我国西部山区公路的主要地质灾害之一。由于对溜砂坡的形成发展机理认识不足，目前采用的治理措施不能很好地解决溜砂灾害，有些工程措施反而会加大灾害程度。通过对川藏公路沿线溜砂坡的调查研究，阐述了溜砂坡的最基本特性是其生长性，分析了溜砂坡的成灾机理和危害性特点，有针对性地提出了符合西部地区经济条件的溜砂坡防治措施。     

Soil acidification induced decline disease of Myrica rubra: aluminum toxicity and bacterial community response analyses

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The decline disease of Myrica rubra tree is commonly induced by soil acidification, which affects the yield and the quality of fruits. It is...     

Physiological responses involved in cadmium tolerance in a high-cadmium-accumulating rice (Oryza sativa L.) line

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The disparity of tolerance in plants in response to Cd stress is associated with multiple physiological processes. A pot experiment was conducted to...     

Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in ceramic brick: product characterization and environmental toxicity

In this study, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was used as a blending in making ceramic brick based on its characterization and an orthogonal test was performed to determine the optimal mixture ratio of the materials. Besides, the fired bricks made in accordance with the optimal mixture ratio were characterized for performance, phase transformation, microstructure, leaching toxicity of the heavy metals in accordance with GB/T 2542-92 (Detection methods for bricks analysis, China) and by means of XRD, SEM and leaching toxicity analysis. It was found that the optimal mixture ratio of materials (MSWI fly ash:red ceramic clay:feldspar:gang sand) was 20:60:10:10 by mass, and the optimal sintering temperature was 950 °C. Leaching results of heavy metals from sintered bricks were reduced considerably in comparison with those from green bricks prior to sintering process. The results as a whole suggested that utilization of MSWI fly ash in ceramic brick constituted a potential means of adding value.     

Recovery of Cu and Fe from Printed Circuit Board waste sludge by ultrasound: Evaluation of industrial application

The paper presents a novel cleaner process for metal recovery from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) waste sludge by assistance of ultrasound. The process can effectively recover heavy metals at low cost with high separation and recovery efficiency, produce high quality products and also achieve zero waste discharge with operation at industrial scale. With the PCB waste sludge containing (wet content) 3.14–4.85% copper and 3.71–4.23% iron, copper recovery efficiency of 95.2–97.5% and iron recovery efficiency of 97.1–98.5% were achieved, while the purity of copper sulfate produced by the process was 98.0% and the produced ferric chloride had a satisfied quality for using as a coagulant material for the plant on-site wastewater treatment. The process had been successfully scaled up to the industrial scaled applications in a heavy metal recovery plant in city of Huizhou, China for more than two years. The novel cleaner heavy metal recovery process has a great prospect on the applications of resources recovery and environmental protection practices.     

嘉兴市南湖生态环境修复工程的系统构建与效果评价

为改善嘉兴南湖水体质量,恢复湖区生态系统,实现南湖水质、生态及景观的全面提升,在分析南湖水质问题和水体浑浊成因的基础上,采取外源污染控制、内源污染清除和原位生态修复的方法,构建了南湖水下生态系统,并对南湖的生态修复效果进行评价分析。结果表明：南湖主要水质指标(COD、NH₃-N、TP)基本达到地表水Ⅲ类(湖泊标准),湖区大部分区域水体透明度达到80 cm以上,水体颜色由黄色变为浅绿色;超磁分离一体化设备可以显著去除水体中的TP(去除率为92.61%),对NH₃-N(去除率为37.94%)也有一定的去除作用,但是对TN、COD等的去除不明显;以“沉水植物”为主体的水下森林生态系统对悬浮型颗粒物具有明显的去除作用,沉水植物种植区域悬浮物下降值为42.09%;环保绞吸疏浚与土工管袋干化相结合的技术,减少了疏浚过程中的底泥再悬浮,土工管袋干化后的尾水采用超磁分离一体化设备二次处理,悬浮物SS指标均不超过4 mg·L⁻¹,实现了疏浚土尾水的达标排放。嘉兴南湖生态环境修复工程(一期)项目的成功实施,验证了超磁分离一体化工艺、环保绞吸疏浚与土工管袋干化、水上抛投沉水植物种植等技术的有效性。本研究成果可为平原河网水系、开放性水域、高浊度水体的城市湖泊生态修复提供借鉴和参考。