石家庄市主要农作物灌溉节水潜力研究

利用田间作物灌溉试验数据，对作物单产产量与需水量的关系进行了模拟，并据此以县域为单元，计算了1984～2001年石家庄市主要农作物冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花获得逐年实际产量的理论总需水量、理论灌溉总需水量、实际灌溉用水量，测算了3种作物灌溉节水的空间。结果表明，1984～2001a。按照节水高效试验所得的产量需水模式。获得石家庄市3种主要作物产量的理论需水总量为23-29亿m^3／a，理论灌溉需水总量为8．8-13．8亿m^3／a，实际灌溉用水量平均约为17亿m^3／a，农业年均超采地下水5．67亿m^3／a。按照目前的种植结构和产量水平，石家庄市今后作物灌溉节水的理论上限为9亿m^3／a。即使加大节水投入，实现最大节水潜力的一半。仍不能弥补目前地下水的超采量。在2010年实现南水北调，部分城市用水归还农业用水，且实现最大节水潜力的一半的情况下，水资源方能勉强维持平衡。因此，石家庄市今后应一方面加大农业节水投入和管理。另一方面，也应根据水资源承载力适当减少高耗水的冬小麦播种面积，同时全面建设节水型社会，方能实现可持续发展。     

A proteomic analysis of rice seedlings responding to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene stress

The proteomic analysis of rice （Oryza sativa L.） roots and leaves responding tol,2,4-trichlorobenzene （TCB） stress was carded out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometric （MS）, and protein database analysis. The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves. The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves, when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress. Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress. These responses include detoxication of toxic substances, expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds, regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism, activation of methionine salvage pathway, and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism. Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars, the β-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar （Oryza sativa L.） Aizaizhan, and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63. This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan.     

Effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe（Ⅲ） solutions and the role of Fe（Ⅲ） in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe（Ⅲ） could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe（Ⅲ） to form Fe（Ⅱ）, and the regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

Effect of Fe(Ⅲ) on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment.In this study,experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the matrix of bromate and Fe(Ⅲ) solutions and the role of Fe(Ⅲ) in this redox process.The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) and reduced bromate abiotically.The addition of Fe(Ⅲ) could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes.Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid,in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe(Ⅲ) to form Fe(Ⅱ),and the regenerated Fe(Ⅱ) donate the electrons to bromate.The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe(Ⅲ) complexes is pH dependent.The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit.The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River,indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

坚持可持续发展 建立绿色经济体系

论述了绿色体系与可持续发展的关系。树立绿色意识,实施绿色工程,实现绿色化学,发展绿色食品,强化绿色管理,构建起绿色经济体系,实现社会、经济和环境的协调发展。     

论汽车尾气对环境的污染及控制措施——以鄂尔多斯市为例

随着经济的高速发展,我国汽车保有量急剧增加,城市汽车尾气排放量快速上升,导致尾气污染问题日益突显。我国相关部门采取了措施,并收到了一定的成效,但是要从根本上根治这个问题的可能性微乎其微,我们只能采取更为有效的措施来控制污染的恶化程度。本文在总结以往经验的基础上,以鄂尔多斯市为个例,提出几点控制和治理污染的对策与措施。     

深海环境试验装置水下静态受力计算

深海环境试验装置采用近底悬浮布放方式锚定于海床上,是一个受力平衡的体系。通过对环境条件的合理假设,简化了装置在水下的状态,装置整体可以被看作处于静态。根据投放海域的表层海流设定海流边界条件、建立数学模型,从装置上部的主浮体开始,按照静态受力状态分别计算出不同部件受力大小、偏移距离、需要的连接件的最小型号以及最小锚重。根据计算出的数据选用满足要求的部件。     

湖泊富营养化的综合评价方法的探讨与实例

目前富营养化评价方法众多,但各评价方法之间缺乏可比性,不利于湖泊富营养化的有效管理和治理.本文在对现有湖泊富营养化的评价方法进行分析、评价的基础上,从湖泊水生生态系统出发,提出了适合我国国情的基于<地表水环境质量标准>(GB3838-2002)的湖泊富营养化水生生态系统评价方法.即水质、水生生物与底质评价相结合的系统的、综合的富营养化评价方法.该方法可对不同湖泊的富营养化状况进行比较,并可对同一湖泊富营养化的时空变化进行分析,有利于对湖泊富营养化程度、成因做出客观、合理的判断,为治理富营养化提供全面、科学的决策依据.     

SRT对于污水脱氮过程中N2O产生的影响

试验采用经过长期驯化,控制污泥龄分别为9d和15d的活性污泥,以实际生活污水为研究对象,考察了不同污泥龄(SRT)对污水脱氮过程中N2O的产生量和转化率的影响.结果表明N2O主要产生于污水脱氮的硝化过程中,而反硝化过程的贡献较少.较短的污泥龄有利于脱氮过程中N2O的产生,9d污泥龄的活性污泥系统产生N2O量是15d污泥龄污泥系统的1.2倍,分别为4.62mg·L-1和3.8mg·L-1.不同污泥龄条件下产生N2O的转化率也有所差别,污泥龄较短的活性污泥系统产生N2O的转化率也较高,分别为11.2%和7.8%.系统经长期在较短的污泥龄下运行,并没有影响系统的脱氮效果,两种污泥龄条件下系统的脱氮率都在96%以上.为了减少污水脱氮过程中N20的产生量,应避免污水处理系统过短的污泥龄,造成污水脱氮过程N2O的产量和转化率的大幅升高.     

Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses

The molecular response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,cv.Yangmai 10) seedlings to heavy metal (Cd,Hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,image analysis,and peptide mass fingerprinting.The results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by Cd,Hg and TCB.These stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves.Hg stress inhibited protein synthesis while Cd and TCB stresses induced or up-regulated more proteins in the leaves.Most of these induced proteins played important roles in the biochemical reactions involved in tolerance of wheat to Cd and TCB stresses.The primary functions of Cd- and TCB-induced proteins included methionine metabolism,Rubisco modification,protein phosphorylation regulation,protein configuration protection,H+ transmembrane transportation and also the synthesis of ethylene defense substances and cell wall compounds.