核电厂温排水融冰预测及影响评估

渤海辽东湾附近海域在严寒季节海冰分布广泛,核电厂向受纳海域排放的温排水带有大量乏热,将导致海域内水温升高而引起海冰融化。某核电厂址西侧海域有一斑海豹国家自然保护区,电厂温排水及其融冰效应可能影响斑海豹的生存、繁殖环境。文章根据核电厂温排水融冰模型对其融冰量的预测和环境影响分析,表明了电厂温排水对斑海豹保护区的影响是在较小范围内的。     

Modeling iron release from cast iron pipes in an urban water distribution system caused by source water switch

Significant iron release from cast iron pipes in water distribution systems (WDSs), which usually occurs during the source water switch period, is a great concern of water utilities because of the potential occurrence of “red water” and customer complaints. This study developed a new method which combined in-situ water stagnation experiments with mathematical models and numerical simulations to predict the iron release caused by source water switch. In-situ water stagnation experiments were conducted to determine the total iron accumulation in nine cast iron pipes in-service in Beijing when switching the local water to treated Danjiangkou Reservior water. Results showed that the difference in the concentration increment of total iron in 24 hr (ΔCI_TI,24), i.e. short-term iron release, caused by source water switch was mainly dependent on the difference in the key quality parameters (pH, hardness, nitrate, Larson Ratio and dissolved oxygen (DO)) between the two source waters. The iron release rate (R_Fe) after switch, i.e. long-term iron release, was closely related to the pipe properties as well as the DO and total residual chlorine (TRC) concentrations. Mathematical models of ΔCI_TI,24 and R_Fe were developed to quantitatively reveal the relationship between iron release and the key quality parameters. The R_Fe model could successfully combine with EPANET-MSX, a numerical simulator of water quality for WDSs to extend the iron release modeling from pipe level to network level. The new method is applicable to predicting iron release during source water switch, thus facilitating water utilities to take preventive actions to avoid “red water”.     

地震动相位差谱的统计规律

本文建立了地震动相位差谱的经验模型,并根据地震动加速度记录资料,对模型中的系数进行统计回归,建立了地震动相位差谱经验关系。结果表明,地震的震级和震源距对加速度时程相位差谱的均值曲线和方差都有重要影响,震源距相同震级不同时相位差谱的均值曲线近似平行;震级相同而震源距不同时相位差谱的均值曲线不仅上下移动而且形状如发生变化,震源距的增加将加大其低频处与高频处的差异。相位差谱的方差将随震级和震源距的增加而变大。     

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NOx and diesel PM over La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 catalyst assisted by plasma

The simultaneous removal of NOx and particulate matter(PM) from diesel exhaust is investigated over a mixed metal oxide catalyst of La0.9 K0.1 CoO3 loaded on γ-Al2O3 spherules with the assistant of plasma. It was found that NOx was reduced by PM in oxygen rich atmosphere, the CO2 and N2 were produced in the same temperature window without considering the N2 formed by plasma decomposition. As a result, the temperature for the PM combustion decreases and the reduction efficiency of NOx to N2 increases during the plasma process, which indicated that the activity of the catalyst can be improved by plasma. The NOx is decomposed by plasma at both low temperature and high temperature. Therefore, the whole efficiency of NOx conversion is enhanced.     

水气氛下活性炭固定床对二硫化碳的吸附动力学行为

研究了二硫化碳于水气氛下在５种国产活性炭固定床上的吸附动力学行为。用直线平衡体系的穿透曲线公式对实验结果进行拟合（用误差函数求解）。根据实验数据计算出水气氛条件下各活性炭吸附二硫化碳的穿透性能参数并与干燥条件下二硫化碳吸附做了比较。     

滹沱河流域湿地植被优势种群生态位研究

采用Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数和Petraitis生态位重叠指数测定了滹沱河流域湿地植被20个优势种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠.结果表明,浮叶眼子菜、莎草、藨草等占据较窄的生态位,生态位发生明显特化.苔草、海乳草、黄花蒿、赖草等占据较宽的生态位,生态位泛化比较明显.根据生态位宽度指数将湿地植物分为4个生态类群.在20个优势种群构成的380个种对中,有71个种对间表现出生态位重叠,占整个种对的18.68%.说明优势种群间生态位重叠现象并不普遍,各种群间生态位明显分离,因此不同种群利用资源的方式具有较为显著的差异性.图1表3参15     

埋设管网系统地震危险性分析方法

埋设管网系统有如下三个特点,即:埋于地基中、在平面内延伸分布范围广、具有生命线工程的重要性,故其抗震设计与地震危险性分析方法也与一般房屋建筑不同。为此,本文提出了一种同时考虑给定地震下地震动场的空间相关性、局部场地条件及地震发生非确定性影响的地震危险性分析方法。本文建议的方法中给定地震下地震动场的确定包括四方面的工作:①确定地震动场的参数,用场内各点之间的相对运动(如相对变形)而不是单点的运动(如加速度);②在频域内确定场内单个点的地震动,以幅值谱与相位谱表示;③用若干个离散点的地震动来描述地震动场;④考虑局部场地的影响。地震动空间相关性与地震发生非确定性同时考虑之间的矛盾问题在本文方法中也得到了处理,采用这一方法的优点是在地震动场中同时考虑了震级、距离及场地的影响,本文提出的方法也可以用于在平面上分布范围较广的其它生命线网络工程。     

土壤空间变异性研究评述

在研究方法上，土壤空间变异性研究经历了由定性描述到传统统计学、再到地统计学的不断改进过程，而研究内容也由对单一特性的研究逐渐转向多特性的研究。土壤空间变异性研究虽取得了明显的进展，但也存在地统计学方法在实际应用中主观性太强，土壤综合特性的空间变异性研究、时空结合的变异性研究以及与数学模型有机结合研究不够深入等问题。文章在分析国内外研究现状的基础上，提出了亟待深入研究的若干问题，对这些问题的研究有助于“数字土壤”、“精准农业”和生态环境建设的实施。     

大连市金普新区滨海湿地动态变化及驱动力分析

以LandSat系列卫星遥感影像为主要数据源,结合野外实地勘察,在遥感技术和GIS支持下,分析了大连市金普新区1982~2016年间滨海湿地类型及土地利用变化信息,并与人口、政策、经济状况及新区路桥等基础设施建设相耦合,在定性的基础上定量分析了引发类型演变的驱动力要素,结果表明:① 30 a间类型之间的土地利用类型变化很大,景观格局演变剧烈;②围填海等人类活动是滨海湿地类型演变的直接驱动力;③滨海湿地类型演变与地方经济的发展存在耦合关系。本研究结果为我国沿海地区整体规划提供科学指导,为理性整体城市化进程的推进提供支撑。     

交替灌溉条件下水氮耦合对土壤气态氮排放的影响

通过大田试验,以密闭法与硼酸吸收法收集和测定土壤NH<,3>,挥发量,以密闭法收集和气相色谱法测定土壤N<,2>O释放量.采用二元二次正交旋转组合设计,研究交替灌溉施肥条件下的水氮数量耦合对NH<,3>,挥发,N<'2>O排放及夏玉米产量的影响,并建立相应的数学模型.交替灌溉施肥处理NH<,3>-N挥发量为4.78～1...