膜生物反应器在不同阶段下处理城市污水的研究

采用国产膜对小试规模的膜生物反应器(MBR)处理以工业污水为主的城市污水进行研究.在秋冬季,启动培养活性污泥,至出水水质达到CJ25.1-89杂用水标准.试验表明,在进水COD平均大于500 mg/l,BOD5/COD=0.2～0.4并且水温低于20℃的情况下,MBR在16天内就可以达到理想的出水效果.并且对三种不同抽吸压力(TMP)下的出水水质、膜通量及膜污染进行比较,得出本系统最优TMP为30 kpa.     

Characterization of bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant

Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial communities in drinking water systems is vital to securing the microbial safety of drinking water. The objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the dynamics of microbial biomass and bacterial communities at each step of a full-scale drinking water treatment plant in Beijing, China. Both bulk water and biofilm samples on granular activated carbon (GAC) were collected over 9 months. The proportion of cultivable cells decreased during the treatment processes, and this proportion was higher in warm season than cool season, suggesting that treatment processes and water temperature probably had considerable impact on the R2A cultivability of total bacteria. 16s rRNA gene based 454 pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial community revealed that Proteobacteria predominated in all samples. The GAC biofilm harbored a distinct population with a much higher relative abundance of Acidobacteria than water samples. Principle coordinate analysis and one-way analysis of similarity indicated that the dynamics of the microbial communities in bulk water and biofilm samples were better explained by the treatment processes rather than by sampling time, and distinctive changes of the microbial communities in water occurred after GAC filtration. Furthermore, 20 distinct OTUs contributing most to the dissimilarity among samples of different sampling locations and 6 persistent OTUs present in the entire treatment process flow were identified. Overall, our findings demonstrate the significant effects that treatment processes have on the microbial biomass and community fluctuation and provide implications for further targeted investigation on particular bacteria populations.     

TiO_2光催化材料及其在水处理中的应用

文章对TiO2光催化反应机理;TiO2光催化剂的改性和固定化;光催化技术在水处理中的应用做了较为详尽的综述,指出了TiO2光催化在水处理应用中存在的一些问题并对TiO2光催化材料及其在水处理应用中的研究提出了一些建议。     

电场促进畜禽粪便好氧堆肥中DOM演化的光谱学研究

好氧堆肥是畜禽粪便处置和资源化利用的主要途径.传统好氧堆肥（CAC）技术存在堆体温度低、发酵周期长、腐熟效果差等缺陷.最近研究发现,电场辅助好氧堆肥（EAAC）可快速促进堆肥腐熟,缩短堆肥周期,减少温室气体排放,具有潜在的应用前景.然而,电场促进堆肥过程中水溶性有机物（DOM）演化及腐殖化过程尚未清晰.基于此,本文采用紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）等多种光谱技术分析了EAAC过程中DOM的演变规律.UV-Vis与3D-EEM分析表明,EAAC过程中,蛋白类物质在3 d内几乎被完全分解,富里酸和腐殖酸类物质在高温期（6~18 d）大量形成.EAAC的腐殖化指数（HI=HA/FA）高于CAC,E₄/E₆低于CAC,说明堆肥过程中DOM芳香化和腐殖化的速度与程度均优于CAC. FTIR分析显示,EAAC过程中DOM的碳水化合物、脂肪类物质逐渐减少,芳香族化合物不断增加,其腐殖化趋势明显比CAC更快.相关性分析显示,P_Ⅴ,n/P_Ⅲ,n与A_240~400、SUVA₂₅₄、E₂₅₃/E₂₂₀等UV-Vis光谱指标呈显著正相关（r>0.8, p<0.05）,可以作为评价EAAC腐熟度的重要指标.上述结果表明,电场辅助好氧堆肥可加速DOM中蛋白类物质分解,加快富里酸和腐殖酸类物质形成,促进DOM结构的芳香化.     

A nationwide survey of 20 legacy brominated flame retardants in indoor dust from China: continuing occurrence,national distribution,and implication for human exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite the restrictions on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), these chemicals are still ubiquitous...     

积极推行HSE管理体系全面提高油田现代化管理水平

大庆石油管理局于１９９８年１１月１７日隆重召开了健康、安全与环境（ＨＳＥ）管理体系文件发布会，正式批准发布了大庆石油管理局《健康、安全与环境管理手册》［１］。这是大庆局企业管理史上的一次重大革命，它标志着大庆局健康、安全与环境管理模式将更符合国际通行...     

Optimized ratoon rice system to sustain cleaner food production in Jianghan Plain,China: a comprehensive emergy assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ratoon rice (RR) is regarded as a labor-saving and efficient approach to rice cultivation; however, sub-optimal production techniques (fertilization,...