A novel, simple and sensitive resonance scattering spectral method for the determination of chlorite in water by means of rhodamine B

A new resonance scattering method was proposed for the determination of chlorite, basing on the resonance scattering effect of rhodamine dye. In HCl-sodium acetate buffer solution, chlorite oxidizes 1- into 12 and the reaction of 12 and excess 1- results in If. It is respectively combined with rhodaminc dyes, including rhodamine B （RhB）, butyl rhodamine B （b-RhB）, rhodamine G （RhG） and rhodamine S （RhS）, to form association complex particles, which exhibit stronger resonance scattering （RS） effect at 400 nm. The chlorite concentration of ClO2 in the range of 0.00726-0.218 μg/ml, 0.0102-0.292 μg/ml, 0.00726-0.145 μg/ml and 0.0290- 0.174 μg/ml is respectively linear to the RS intensity of association complex particle systems at 400 nm for the RhB, b-RhB, RhG and RhS. The detection limits of the four systems were respectively 0.00436, 0.00652, 0.00580 and 0.01450μg/ml ClO2^-. In the four systems, the RhB system possesses good stability and high sensitivity. It has been applied to the analysis of chlorite in wastewater with satisfactory results.     

ZnO包覆Al_2O_3的制备表征及光催化性能研究

采用化学沉积法制备了ZnO包覆Al2O3光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)进行了表征。在自制的光化学反应器中,以中压汞灯作光源,一定浓度的甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物,研究了光催化剂的活性。考察了甲基橙初始浓度、催化剂加投量、pH值、温度、光照强度、反应液体积等因素对脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,ZnO包覆Al2O3复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性。在250W中压汞灯下光照3h,0.10g复合光催化剂能使200mL,10mg/L甲基橙溶液的脱色率达到92.21%。     

瑞平塘河氟化物污染状况调查及溯源研究

以2016—2020年地表水常规监测结果为依据,发现瑞平塘河自2017年起出现氟化物质量浓度升高现象,2020年其中1个断面氟化物质量浓度平均值达到1.25 mg/L,比2016年高出145%。为此于2021年3—6月,对瑞平塘河流域的氟化物污染状况进行实地调查并开展溯源研究。研究结果显示,2021年氟化物质量浓度超过1.0 mg/L的点位占59.34%,其中超过1.5 mg/L的点位占42.86%,表明大部分河道氟化物质量浓度已经超过水体功能区要求,对生态环境安全构成较大潜在风险。溯源调查结果表明,排除了农业源及矿山源污染的可能,乳胶制品企业排放的废水为瑞平塘河氟化物的污染来源。针对目前该行业的排放标准和环境影响评价均未提及氟化物污染,企业废水处理设施也无除氟工艺单元,缺乏有效的污染防治措施与监管要求等问题。提出,应及时组织开展该区域乳胶制品行业整治提升,增加氟化物处理工艺单元,提升出水水质,确定氟化物排放浓度限值,并对该行业排放标准做进一步研究和完善等建议。     

基于RS和GIS的生态环境状况时空变化研究--以河南省为例

生态环境状况评价是资源合理利用、制定社会经济发展规划及生态环境保护对策的重要依据。现以河南省行政区为研究区域,基于遥感影像、水资源及环境统计数据,采用生态环境状况指数(EI)和空间格局分析方法,综合对比分析河南省2014—2018年生态环境状况时空变化及其冷热点空间分布。研究结果表明:(1)2014—2018年河南省EI值变化范围为60.6~63.5,生态环境状况整体呈现稳中趋好态势,除开封市和济源市外,16个省辖市的EI值均有所增加,位于西部山区丘陵地带的三门峡、洛阳和平顶山市EI值增加明显。(2)2014—2018年河南省生态环境的G*i指数的高值区域位于西部地区的三门峡市和洛阳市,且5年内没有发生变化,较为稳定。G*i指数的高、低值区域与EI值的高值和低值区表现出较高的一致性。     

以江苏省河流湖泊为例探讨基于物种与面积关系确定大型底栖动物最适及高效采样量

以江苏省河流湖泊为研究对象,选取不同水体代表性点位,运用多生境采样法和形态学鉴定获取淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物的物种数及对应的采样面积,拟合实际结果的物种数与面积关系对数函数曲线。所研究采样量包括采样面积值、样方及样带数。研究发现,不同水体点位最适采样量面积为1.45~12.75 m²,样方及样带总数为6~16个,其要求十分耗时耗力。为解决这一问题,以物种数与面积关系对数函数的一阶导数曲线y≈1值为临界点,提出"高效采样量"概念,并提出3条采样原则供讨论。同时得到江苏地区高效采样量:涉水可过河流采样面积为1.36 m²,涉水不可过河流采样面积为1.5 m²,不可涉水河流和浅水湖泊采样面积为1.75 m²,均需采集4个样方,1个样带。     

Chemical characteristics of aerosol particles (PM2.5) at a site of Horqin Sand-land in northeast China

Introduction Soil dust derived from the w ind erosion process in arid and sem i-arid region is an im portant factor on the clim ate forcing(Tegen etal., 1996; Sokolik and Toon, 1996). D esert regions in East A sia w ere considered as the m ajor sources fo…     

黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区施肥对黑麦草农田土壤水溶性有机碳、氮的影响

为阐明施肥通过增加植物同化能力,是否可影响土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、氮(DON)为目的,采用田间试验,研究了施肥对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区黑麦草生长农田DOC及DON含量及累积量的影响。结果表明,不论施氮或施磷,均能提高黑麦草冠层和根系生物量,且施氮水平与黑麦草冠层和根系生物量之间均呈极显著正相关关系。施磷对土壤DOC含量影响相对较小;土壤DOC含量随施氮水平增加呈现减少趋势,0~20 cm土层土壤DOC含量下降幅度最高达25.9%;施氮后不同土层土壤DON含量及累积量增加,0~100 cm土层DON累积量与施氮量呈显著正相关关系;单施磷时0~60 cm土层土壤DON含量较不施肥对照减少,但差异不显著。以上结果表明,在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区,高量无机氮肥投入可增加该区植物产量及土壤DON,但不利于土壤DOC累积,说明氮肥投入对改善该地区土壤供氮能力有积极意义。     

Uptake and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils by Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)

Phytoremediation has long been recognized as a cost-effective method for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） from soil. A study was conducted to investigate the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in root and shoot of Lolium perenne L. Pot experiments were conducted with series of concentrations of 3.31-378.37 mg/kg for phenanthrene and those of 4.22-365.38 mg/kg for pyrene in a greenhouse. The results showed that both ryegrass roots and shoots did take up PAHs from spiked soils, and generally increased with increasing concentrations of PAH in soil. Bioconcentration factors（BCFs） of phenanthrene by shoots and roots were 0.24- 4.25 and 0.17-2.12 for the same treatment. BCFs of pyrene by shoots were 0.20-1.5, except for 4.06 in 4.32 mg/kg treatment, much lower than BCFs of pyrene by roots （0.58-2.28）. BCFs of phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. Direct uptake and accumulation of these compounds by Lolium perenne L. was very low compared with the other loss pathways, which meant that plant-promoted microbial biodegradation might be the main contribution to plant-enhanced removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. However, the presence of Lolium perenne L. significantly enhanced the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soil. At the end of 60 d experiment, the extractable concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene were lower in planted soil than in non-planted soil, about 83.24%-91.98% of phenanthrene and 68.53%-84.10% of pyrene were removed from soils, respectively. The results indicated that the removal of PAHs in contaminated soils was a feasible approach by using Lolium perenne L.     

应用人工湿地技术处理屠宰废水:设计与运行探讨

污水分散式处理有独特的优点,人工湿地是其中主要的方法,特别适合在农村地区因地制宜地处理生活污水,具有运行费用低、处理效果好的特点,在新农村环境建设中发挥了很大作用。但人工湿地用于污染程度高的行业废水处理国内比较少见。该文依据一项中德环保合作项目——人工湿地技术处理蕲春某屠宰厂废水的示范工程,对人工湿地建造有关的设计及运行管理问题进行总结与探讨。     

基于在线观测本地因子的长三角家禽养殖氨排放时空分布特征

为获取长三角地区家禽养殖氨排放因子和时空分布特征,通过在线高分辨率监测系统对典型规模化蛋鸡养殖场棚舍养殖和粪便堆肥环节的氨浓度进行连续监测,获取不同季节、不同生长阶段的氨浓度和排放因子,并建立基于本地化排放因子的长三角家禽养殖氨排放清单.结果表明,棚舍养殖和粪便堆肥环节春夏秋冬4个季节ρ（NH₃）日均值分别为：（1.85±0.38）、（4.58±0.33）、（3.87±0.12）、（2.83±0.47）mg·m^-3和（2.04±0.50）、（4.04±1.04）、（2.51±0.67）、（1.55±0.16）mg·m^-3,氨浓度呈显著的日小时变化趋势,养殖棚舍春夏秋冬小时ρ（NH₃）最大值出现在中午13:00～14:00,最小值出现在凌晨01:00～03:00,粪便堆肥环节夏秋季节的小时ρ（NH₃）最大值出现在16:00～19:00,春冬季的日小时变化过程则不明显;氨日小时浓度变化主要受日温度变化、畜禽活动和清粪管理等因素影响.蛋鸡不同生长阶段的氨浓度呈显著差异,青年鸡、产蛋鸡...