不同作物种苗对水中重金属镉去除的比较研究

以玉米、向日葵和蓖麻为实验材料,研究了3种作物种苗对镉的去除效果以及种苗生理生化指标的变化情况.结果表明,①随着处理时间的延长,溶液中镉含量逐渐降低,去除过程主要集中在前48 h.在1 mg·L^-1和2 mg·L^-1 Cd溶液中,向日葵和蓖麻种苗的去除效果要好于玉米种苗的;而在5 mg·L^-1和10 mg·L^-1 Cd溶液中,去除效果顺序为：蓖麻>玉米>向日葵.②种苗从溶液中吸收的镉绝大部分集中在根部.3种作物种苗对镉的富集能力大小顺序为：向日葵>蓖麻>玉米.③在不同镉处理浓度下,3种作物种苗的叶片质膜透性、根系活力、叶绿素含量和游离脯氨酸含量等生理生化指标均有不同程度的变化.向日葵的根系活力和脯氨酸含量均与镉积累量呈现显著相关性;蓖麻叶片的质膜透性和脯氨酸含量均与镉含量呈现显著正相关.3种作物种苗对镉都有一定的耐受性,而向日葵和蓖麻种苗的耐受性比玉米种苗的强.     

关于苏州数字环保移动办公系统的研建

文章着眼于信息化飞速发展的今天,阐述了苏州市环保系统无纸化办公的现状及发展趋势。在现有的办公自动化基础上,架构了一个从保证安全性角度出发的移动办公及执法方案,提出了一项建设环保系统高能效的新一代办公模式,为领导决策、应急响应、高效办公提供了一条新思路。     

碱熔法消解-原子荧光法测定土壤中的锡

利用碱熔法消解土样、氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定土壤中的锡。选择最佳的仪器条件,经过碱熔法消解后,在体积分数为5%的盐酸介质中,锡荧光强度与其质量浓度在0～200μg/L成线性关系。方法的相对标准偏差为2.2～7.2%,实际样品加标回收率为90%～95%。此方法操作简便,灵敏度高,检出限低,适用于土壤中微量锡的测定。     

Particle-bound Dechlorane Plus and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in ambient air around Shanghai, China

In present study, atmospheric particles from Shanghai, the biggest city and the most important industrial base in China, were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP). Concentrations of ∑(20)PBDEs and DP both exhibited the changing trend of industrial area > urban areas. Jiading District had the highest levels of particulate PBDEs and DP with values of 744 ± 152 pg/m(3) and 5.48 ± 1.28 pg/m(3), respectively. Compared with similar data in other areas of the world, PBDEs in Shanghai were at medium pollution level, while DP was at lower level, which reflected their different production and use in Shanghai. The results from multiple linear regression analysis suggested that deca-BDE mixture was the most important contributor of particulate PBDEs in Shanghai. The fractions of anti-DP showed no significant differences to those of the technical mixtures (p > 0.05), which suggested that no obviously stereoselective process occurred in ambient air around Shanghai.     

Polychlorinated biphenyls contamination in urban soil of Shanghai: level, compositional profiles and source identification

Surface soil samples taken from 55 sampling sites at the urban areas of Shanghai were collected and analyzed for the occurrence of 144 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC-μECD. The results showed that totally 74 PCB congeners were identified and the mean concentration of total PCBs was 3057 ng kg⁻¹ with a range of 232 to 11325 ng kg⁻¹. Compared with the related reports, the level of PCBs contamination in this study was approximately equal to the global background value in soils, but higher than Chinese background for rural and urban soils. According to the compositional profiles of PCBs homologues, a higher proportion of low chlorinated (from tri-CBs to hexa-CBs) was observed. The results indicated that PCB15 + 13, PCB18, PCB28, PCB104 + 47 and PCB153 were the most dominant congeners among the identified PCBs. Through homologues analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that PCBs were stretched from mixed local sources, and appeared to be mostly originated by Aroclor 1260- and 1254-like mixtures as well as some samples influenced by Aroclor 1232 and 1242. The correlation analysis showed the relatively good correlation among the PCB homologues and soil total organic carbon (TOC), suggesting important influence of soil TOC on PCBs contamination in soil matrix in Shanghai region. The toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of these six dioxin-like PCBs detected in urban soil samples range from 2.71 to 24.9 pg kg⁻¹-PCDDeq with a mean 8.18 pg kg⁻¹-PCDDeq.     

抗水、抗SO2的低温选择性催化还原催化剂研究进展

低温选择性催化还原(SCR)脱除NOx是一种有潜力的烟气脱硝技术.综述了低温SCR催化剂受水蒸气和SO2毒害作用的机制,总结了催化剂制备方法、催化剂载体选择和催化剂活性成分对抗水、抗SO2性能的影响.为进一步开发抗水、抗SO2的低温SCR催化剂提供一定的借鉴意义.     

苏州市生活垃圾分类实践及思考

介绍了苏州市生活垃圾"近期大分流、远期细分类"的分类模式,以及垃圾分类的政策法规体系、收运体系和终端处置体系,提出关于垃圾分类对垃圾减量的贡献、厨余垃圾分类的必要性和可行性、垃圾分类的主要推动力及垃圾分类模式选择的思考和建议。     

基于GIS的新疆库尔勒市耕地地力等级评价研究

以新疆库尔勒市为例,将利用测土配方施肥项目所取得的基础数据,筛选有机质、速效钾、有效磷、有效锌等可量化的指标作为评价指标。根据模糊数学理论和特尔斐法建立评价因子的隶属函数模型,利用层次分析法建立评价因子的层次分析模型。以ArcGIS统计分析模块和空间分析模块为平台,根据加法模型计算出耕地地力综合指数,划分耕地地力等级。评价结果基本符合当地实际。     

煤焦化过程中颗粒物和二氧化硫的释放

选择山西省某地的四个土焦炉、两个热回收焦炉和两个机焦炉开展焦炉顶空气和烟气中颗粒物和SO2研究。结果显示在正常工作条件下热回收焦炉顶空气中颗粒物和SO2浓度最小,其次是机焦炉,土焦炉顶最高。机焦炉和热回收焦炉顶污染物浓度在出焦和装煤时明显升高。土焦炉烟气中颗粒物排放浓度和排放速率明显高于热回收焦炉和机焦炉;各种炉型烟气中SO2浓度差别较小,排放速率以机焦炉最高;土焦炉的烟尘和二氧化硫吨焦排放量最高,而机焦炉和热回收焦炉由于环保设备的使用显著降低。生产过程污染物释放显示机焦炉和热回收焦炉的颗粒物和SO2释放主要来源于焦化过程和熄焦过程。由吨焦排放量估计炼焦烟尘和二氧化硫对全国的烟尘和二氧化硫排放贡献小于5%,但对山西省的贡献接近15%和30%,控制炼焦污染对当地环境改善具有重要意义。     

蜂窝煤燃烧烟气中多环芳烃的定量研究及粒径分布特征

通过对蜂窝煤燃烧排放的烟气中多环芳烃的定量分析,研究了17种多环芳烃在烟气颗粒相和气相中的分配以及在不同粒径颗粒物上的分布特征。结果表明：在室温下燃煤排放的多环芳烃总量以在气相中存在为主,但总体毒性则主要存在于颗粒相中;多环芳烃主要分布在亚微米级颗粒上,分子量越大的多环芳烃越趋于富集在细颗粒上,因而对健康的危害就越大。