“十四五”时期生态环境重大制度政策创新的思考

用最严格的制度、最严密的法治保护生态环境,需要加快构建以治理体系和治理能力现代化为保障的生态文明制度体系。要增加制度供给,需从四个方面加快制度创新:一是发挥市场机制,健全多元体系;二是强化行政管理,落实地方责任;三是发挥社会机制,引导社会参与;四是强化法制建设,筑牢创新基础。     

盐度渐变过程对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)幼鱼渗透调节的影响

为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP 酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5~35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K+ 含量无显著变化(P >0.05),其余均显著升高(P <0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20~29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。     

Numerical Simulation of Light/Dark Cycle Frequency of Microalgae Fluid in a Helical Tubular Photobioreactor for Carbon Dioxide Capture

In the present study, three-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted on hydrodynamics and light-intensity distribution of microalgae fluid flow in a helical tubular photobioreactor for CO₂ capture. The effect of incident direction of the light illumination is discussed and the light/dark cycle frequency experienced by the microalgae fluid in the cross-section of the photobioreactor is investigated. The simulation results reveal the steadily nonhorizontal and unsymmetrical Dean roll-cells of the microalgae fluid flow in the cross-section of the helical tube. The external light projecting onto the helical tubular photobioreactor from the center is a better way for microalgae cultivation. The light/dark cycle frequency of the microalgae fluid flow is calculated based on the light-intensity distribution inside the photobioreactor. The light/dark cycle frequency keeps constant for the same stream trace of the microalgae flow while varies with different flow regions. Meanwhile, the light/dark cycle frequency increases with the increase in microalgae fluid velocity. The suitable demarcation between the light and the dark zone depends on the shape and the location of the Dean roll-cells.     

粉煤灰和活性污泥对好氧填埋渗滤液组分的影响

通过在好氧反应器中添加粉煤灰和活性污泥来加速固体废物的降解。实验结果表明,添加粉煤灰不但改善了氧气扩散,而且增强了反应器对各种污染物的去除能力,对渗滤液中COD、NH4+、NO3-的去除率分别达到75%、68%和65%以上;添加活性污泥引入了一定量的微生物,也有利于固体废物的降解,渗滤液中COD、NH4+、NO3-的去除率分别达到了90%、65%和77%。因此,通过添加粉煤灰和活性污泥来加速固体废物降解是可行的。     

焦化废水处理技术的发展

焦化废水主要来自焦化厂和煤气厂，污染物组成复杂，含有挥发酚、许多难以生物降解的芳香族有机物、多环化合物和氧硫氮等杂环化合物，属较难生化降解的高浓度有机工业废水。因此焦化废水的处理难度大，已引起国内外人士的关注，一直是国内外废水处理领域的一大难题。文章阐述了焦化废水的处理技术发展及其近年来发展的新技术。     

矿业城市生态风险评价研究进展

矿业城市作为我国资源供应的重点区域,对国民经济发展起着举足轻重的作用.通过文献综述的方法,在明确矿业城市生态风险评价工作意义的基础上,归纳总结了矿业城市生态风险评价的研究进展.从矿业城市生态风险评价研究主题、研究内容、评价理论框架和具体研究方法展开评述,分析了矿业城市生态风险热点关键词时区演化趋势、矿业城市生态风险基本...     

活性炭常温吸附实验研究

活性炭因有较大的比表面积和经济易得性,常作为气体吸附法净化气体的吸附剂。SO2是大气环境质量指示的一个重要大气环境因子,其排放被严格控制。SO2的吸附受多种因素影响,本研究选取商品粒状活性炭作为样品,在常温、常压、相对湿度RH=0%、用SO2标气和N2模拟配制气体的条件下,进行了活性炭物理吸附SO2的穿透曲线和吸附容量的研究,结果显示该商品活性炭实验吸附穿透曲线和吸附容量随其颗粒直径的减小而增加,吸附曲线也由陡峭变平坦。所得实验结果为商品活性炭的使用提供实验数据支撑。     

Effect of different pearling times on the quality of hull-less barley rice北大核心CSCD

Hull-less barley is a special food crop rich in various nutrients in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Six-pearling is often used to produce commercial hull-less barley rice in order to improve its rough taste and inferior cooking quality. This study evaluated the differences in the nutritional, cooking, sensory, and storage qualities of hull-less barley rice with different pearling times to obtain suitable processing conditions for the production of high-quality hull-less barley rice. With increasing pearling time, the contents of vitamin B6, vitamin E, dietary fiber, iron, zinc, phenols, and flavonoids significantly decreased to a large extent, protein and vitamin B3 decreased slightly, the contents of total starch and β-glucan increased significantly, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) initially increased and then decreased. The peak, trough, and final viscosity of whole grain barley were 1 860.50 cP, 914.50 cP, and 2 150.00 cP, respectively, and increased after six-pearling to 4 219.00 cP, 2 628.00 cP, and 5 074.00 cP, respectively. At the same time, the water absorption and volume expansion of the pearled hull-less barley increased significantly. The hardness of pearled hull-less barley reduced from 4 708.50 g to 2 282.00 g, its adhesiveness increased from 0.00 to -7.33, and its taste and sensory quality exhibited better. The activities of α-amylase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, and catalase in pearled hull-less barley slightly decreased. Hull-less bran flour is rich in a variety of nutritional components and could be a potential resource with great developmental value. In general, hull-less barley rice obtained from three-pearling has high nutritional value, high cooking quality, low enzyme activity, and low energy consumption; therefore, it can be used to produce high-quality barley rice. This study provides important information for high-quality pearled hull-less barley and further utilization of barley bran flour. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.