奎屯河表层不同粒径沉积物中重金属空间分布及污染评价

在对新疆奎屯河表层沉积物粒径组成分析的基础上,采用原子吸收光谱仪测试了不同粒径沉积物中Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn 7种重金属的质量比,研究了奎屯河表层沉积物不同粒径中各种重金属的空间分布特征,并运用单因子污染指数法与内梅罗综合污染指数法评价了各采样点重金属的污染状况。结果表明,奎屯河表层沉积物粒径主要分布在250μm的范围内,其中粉砂所占比例最大,平均质量分数达到63.66%;黏土次之,平均占16.77%。从上游到下游地区,各重金属污染物没有形成一定规律的分布特征。单因子污染指数评价表明除了Co,各采样点不同粒径沉积物中6种重金属存在着不同等级的污染,在粒径4μm、4~63μm、63~125μm、125~250μm的沉积物中,各重金属污染样品所占比例由大到小为Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Ni、Mn,Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb、Mn,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Mn、Ni。内梅罗综合污染评价表明,各采样点均受到不同程度的重金属污染。     

Au/SnO_2/TiO_2催化氧化CO性能的研究

通过煅烧制备TiO2,用浸渍法负载SnO2,沉积沉淀法负载Au,制备不同SnO2含量的Au/SnO2/TiO2催化剂。采用BET、SEM、XRD等手段对催化剂样品进行表征并考察煅烧温度、SnO2的添加量等对Au/SnO2/TiO2催化剂催化CO氧化活性的影响。结果表明:Au/SnO2/TiO2催化活性比Au/TiO2明显提高;海绵钛在400℃煅烧后负载10%SnO2和1%的Au催化活性较好,在124℃左右能使气体中含量为2.94%的CO基本完全转化。     

丁草胺在土壤中吸附特性研究

采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了丁草胺在三种不同有机质含量土壤中的吸附特性曲线,采用批量平衡法,用三种土壤对丁草胺进行吸附,并通过改变三种土壤的投加量、温度和pH进行实验。实验结果表明,丁草胺在三种不同土壤中的吸附平衡时间大约为12h,以快速吸附为主,土壤的有机质含量是影响土壤吸附性能的重要因素,土壤有机质含量与土壤对农药的吸附呈正相关,土壤的投加量越大固相中的吸附量也越大,丁草胺在土壤中的吸附随着温度的升高而减弱,但影响并不明显;碱性条件不利于土壤对丁草胺的吸附量。     

剩余污泥处理含铬(VI)废水研究

针对某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥,从pH值、吸附时间、污泥投加量、温度、铬(VI)浓度等方面研究了剩余污泥吸附剂对含铬(VI)废水的生物吸附性能.研究结果表明:废水的pH值是影响剩余污泥吸附铬(VI)的重要因素,适宜pH值为1.0～2.0;吸附是一个快速过程,适宜吸附时间为30 min;在pH值为1.0,污泥投加量为8g/L,30℃吸附30min,对50mg/L铬(VI)废水的去除率可达99.65%;在20～60℃污泥吸附不受温度影响;用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型描述了污泥对铬(VI)的吸附结果;通过扫描电子显微傲能谱仪(SEM/EDS)分析,吸附前后污泥的形貌变化不明显,元素含量发生变化.     

氧化时间对总氮测定结果的影响研究

根据总氮前期氧化的特点,对氧化时间进行了分段试验研究,得到氧化时间对总氮分析结果的影响结论,提出了总氮分析时对氧化时间的控制建议。     

谈影响环境执法的若干因素与对策

环境执法是我国环境法制建设的一个重要组成部分。本文分析了当前我国环境执法的主要因素,并提出了应对策略。     

火源对标准房间轰燃影响的数值模拟

轰燃是火灾由局部向全面转变的一类特殊火灾现象,危害极大,很多因素会影响轰燃,其中火源对轰燃的发生有重要影响。本文利用场模拟软件FDS5进行了火源释热率及其燃烧时间对标准房间轰燃的影响研究,结果表明:火源释热率必须超过某个临界值才能发生轰燃;发生轰燃的时间和临界火源供热时间与火源释热率间均符合乘幂函数关系;火源只需在轰燃前供热一段时间就足以引发轰燃。     

疾病预防控制中心废水处理技术工程实例

疾病预防控制机构废水具有重金属种类繁多、含病原体数量大、间断性排放等特点,通过运用混凝沉淀＋曝气生物滤池（BIOFOR）＋ClO2消毒工艺对其废水进行处理,处理后废水达到《医疗机构水污染物排放标准（》GB18466-2005）排放标准。     

Variation of grain Cd and Zn concentrations of 110 hybrid rice cultivars grown in a low-Cd paddy soil

Enhanced Cd uptake and Zn depletion in rice grains and high potential for food Cd exposure by the high-yielding hybrid cultivars of China had been addressed. A field experiment was conducted in 2006 to determine the di erence in grain Cd and Zn between cultivars. Total 110 cultivars including super rice and common hybrid rice cultivars were grown on a single paddy soil (Entic Haplaquept) with a neutral reaction and low total Cd content. Grain Cd and Zn concentrations were determined with graphite atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS) and flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (AAS) respectively.Wide variation of Cd content in grain was found in a range of 0.004–0.057 mg/kg, while the Zn content in a range of 10.25–30.06 mg/kg among the cultivars. Higher Cd but lower Zn concentration in grains of super rice cultivars was observed compared to the common hybrid ones. A highly significant positive linear correlation of grain Cd/Zn with grain Cd was found for super rice and common hybrid cultivars, meanwhile much higher slope for these hybrid cultivars than the reported non-hybrid cultivars was also observed. Using the limit value of the Chinese chemical guidelines for foods (MOHC and SSC, 2005), calculated potential risk of food Cd exposure with “Zn hungry” through diet intake was prominent with all the studied 110 hybrid rice cultivars, possessing high potential health problems for rice production in South China using the super rice cultivars. Breeding of genotypes of rice cultivars with low grain Cd and low Cd/Zn ratio is needed for rice production in acidic red soils where Cd bioavailability is prevalently high.     

Effectiveness of fluidized pellet bed for removing soluble contaminants

Fluidized pellet bed (FPB) has been successfully applied in water and wastewater treatment. However, the removal mechanism of contaminants especially the soluble ones, is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the e ectiveness of FPB reactor for removing soluble contaminants from synthetic wastewater. By only coagulation through jar test operation with addition of polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as primary coagulant and polyacryamide (PAM) as coagulant-aid, the removals of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and NH4 +-N were found to be only 2.2%–7.5%, 5.7%–25.5%, and 9.9%–18.5%, respectively. However, by FPB operation under the same dosage of coagulants, these values increased to 82.7%, 37.2%, and 50%, indicating that the formation of pellets in the FPB e ectively enhanced the removal of soluble contaminants. By careful comparison of the settleablility and filterability of the pollutants after coagulation, the originally soluble contaminants could be divided into three groups, namely: (1) coagulated-andsettleable, (2) coagulated-but-nonsettleable, and (3) uncoagulable. It was found that not only the first two groups but also a large part of the third group could be e ectively removed by FPB operation. However, the mechanism for the removal of the uncoagulable pollutants by FPB operation still needs further investigation.