《重大危险源辨识》标准修订研究

本文对国外发达国家重大危险源辨识标准现状进行了调研,结合我国实际情况,提出了<重大危险源辨识>适用范围、分类、危险物质种类及临界量等方面的修订建议,解决了以前重大危险源申报登记工作中存在的一些技术性问题,可作为我国中长期重大危险源监督工作的指导性文件和重大危险源监管体系建设的依据.     

硼氢化钾吹气—分光光度法测定污水中硫化物

污水样品用硼氢化钾片剂酸性氢化反应,使硫化物同酸作用转化为Ｈ２Ｓ,并被氢气吹出,以ＮａＯＨ溶液吸收,再用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定。为了应急监测,研制了ＬＳ－１型硫化物快速测试预装置,配用ＤＲ／２０００型便携式分光光度计,可在现场进行了水中硫化物的快速监测。．     

我国资源型企业资源效率管理行为分析及政策建议

资源综合利用直接影响我国可持续发展战略的实现。我国资源型企业在资源开发利用过程中存在大量的浪费现象。运用演化博弈理论分析企业群体策略的选择和演化路径,揭示企业资源效率管理行为的内在机理。研究表明治理收益、治理成本、治理风险是企业资源保护行为系统演化的重要参数,企业群体选择策略的相对适应性取决于对方企业是否治理及企业自身治理的收益与成本,演化稳定状态不仅依赖于博弈双方的学习速度和方向,也取决于博弈双方的初始状态。政府应该根据上述机理和资源型企业现实状况,制定相应的政策。     

不同热力背景对城市降雨（暴雨）的影响（Ⅰ）—降雨分布的空间差异

如何准确描述和预测降雨（暴雨）的空间分布,已成为城市减灾防灾的重要内容,本文探讨了利用热信息研究城市降雨空间分布差异的方法。在遥感、GIS技术支持下,利用对没的期夏、冬季热图像的主成分析和图像分割,将上海市1958－1998年热环境划分为自然、低温、高温3种不同的热力背景。在此基础上,就不同热力背景对城市降雨（暴雨）分布空间差异的影响规律进行了研究,为建立城市降雨空间差异预报模型奠定了基础。     

循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫除尘技术改造

对承德市热电厂CG35／3．82－MX型循环流化术锅炉的脱硫除尘系统进行了改造,解决了原水膜除尘器效率低,烟法排放严重超标的问题,取得了良好的环境效益,社会效益和经济效益。     

杀虫单降解菌的筛选分离与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水排放沟污泥中分离到一株对杀虫单有较强降解能力的菌株LY－4,经鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium)。其生长的最适pH为7,最适温度为30℃。该菌对杀虫单有很强的耐受性,在杀虫单浓度ρ＝5000mg/L时,仍能较好地生长并发挥降解作用。当杀虫单初始浓度高于一定值时,一定量的菌剂对杀虫单的降解率随底物浓度的提高而降低,而绝对去除量则随底物浓度的提高而提高。与不加菌的对照相比,加入LY－4后,可使杀虫单浓度在很短的时间内降到很低的水平。图5表1参6     

Occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic carbons in sludges from wastewater treatment plants in Guangdong, China

In this study, the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in six sludge samples collected from Guangdong Province, China. Concentrations of PAHs varying from 2,534.1 to 6,926.6 μg kg^???1 (dry sludge) were observed in three municipal wastewater treatment plants with phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene, and pyrene being the main compounds. In addition, 682.6 μg kg^???1 PAHs were detected in one sludge sample from a food processing plant, with fluorene, Phe, and chrysene being the main components. No PAHs were detected in sludge samples obtained from two cosmetic plants. The levels and distributional characteristics of PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic musks (PMs) from the samples were also compared. The results of this comparison indicated that petrochemical refineries and road traffic played important roles in the PAH loads in sludge, while PMs primarily originated from domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater from cosmetic plants. Finally, the presence of 98.8 μg kg^???1 PCBs in sludge suggested diffusional emission sources from electrical components containing PCBs.     

中美环境监测体制之比较

对中美环境监测体制进行对比性评述,指出了中国环境监测行业存在的分析标准滞后、体制不完善、人员匮乏等问题,提出借鉴美国经验,完善法律体系,引入市场机制,逐步培育竞争有序、监管到位的环境监测行业的建议。     

Chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in surface sediment from Taihu Lake, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in surface sediment samples from Taihu Lake--an important water supply of the Yangtze River Delta, China--were investigated in the present study. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.91 to 4.8 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 2.9 pg TEQ g(-1) dw, TEQ: Toxic Equivalent), which were all higher than the threshold effect level established by interim sediment quality guidelines in Canada (0.85 pg TEQ g(-1) dw). The levels of PBDD/Fs ranged from 0.16 to 1.6 pg TEQ g(-1) dw (mean: 0.52 pg TEQ g(-1) dw) and accounted for 5-33% (mean: 14%) of the total PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs TEQ. Comparatively, the abundance of sedimentary PCDD/Fs in the three regions (Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Xukou Bay) showed a decreasing trend from the inflow region to the outflow region, while no significant difference was observed among their 2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs levels, which suggested that the sources of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs differed in this area. Principal component analysis suggested that the historical production/usage of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate was the dominant source of PCDD/Fs in the sediment of these regions. Although the specific sources of PBDD/Fs in the sediment of Taihu Lake were unclear, it was suspected to be due to atmospheric deposition; however, an additional study is needed to confirm this.     

不同生境苔类和角苔类植物对生态环境的指示作用

利用植物对生态环境进行监测能综合地判断生态环境变化情况。通过对黔北丹霞地貌区、香纸沟喀斯特地貌区及烂泥沟卡林型金矿区苔类、角苔类植物的比较研究,统计分析种群的分布情况。结果表明,角苔类植物主要生长于生态环境保护较好的区域,扁萼苔科、角苔科为生态环境保护较好区域监测指示科植物,蛇苔属为生态环境保护较好区域监测指示属植物,小蛇苔、蛇苔为生态环境保护较好区域监测指示种植物。