The purposes of this research are to quantify the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in the water and fish tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the upper Mekong River and to thereby elucidate the potential dietary health risks from fish consumption of local residents. Surface water and fish tissues (gill, muscle, liver, and intestine) from four representative sample areas (influence by a cascade of four dams) along the river were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Results revealed that the levels of heavy metals in fish were tissue-dependent. The highest Cu and As levels were found in the liver; the highest Zn and Pb levels occurred in the intestine, and the highest Hg level was found in the muscle. The total target hazard quotient (THQ) value for residents is > 1 for long-term fish consumption, and local residents are, therefore, exposed to a significant health risk. Results from the current study provide an overall understanding of the spatial and tissue distribution of heavy metals in water and fish body along the upper Mekong River under the influence of cascade dams and highlight the potential health risk of As for the local residents of long-term fish consumption.
分解长江经济带生产用水量、生活用水量时空差异的驱动效应,有利于用水总量控制目标的顺利实现。采用LMDI(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index)方法,兼顾生产用水和生活用水,将用水总量时空差异分解为生产强度效应、产业结构效应、经济规模效应、生活强度效应和人口规模效应。结果显示:生产用水量是长江经济带及各省份用水总量变化的主要来源,生活用水量对用水总量的促增作用也逐渐增强;生产强度效应、产业结构效应是抑制用水总量增加的主要和次要因素,而经济规模效应、生活强度效应是促进用水总量增加的主要和次要因素,人口规模效应对用水总量的促增作用相对较弱;农业、工业经济增长都促进了用水总量增加,尤其是农业,农业、工业用水强度普遍下降及农业增加值所占比重下降,都促进了用水总量下降;生产用水量是各省份用水总量空间差异的主要来源,各省份用水总量与江苏、重庆空间差异的驱动因素存在差异性。因此,各省份应该贯彻落实高质量发展、转变经济增长方式,重点开展生产环节节水、兼顾生活环节,继续降低产业用水强度、优化升级产业结构,加强生活用水定额管理、提高节水意识,各省份可以以江苏、重庆为参考对象,依据用水总量空间差异驱动因素,充分挖掘可行的节水路径。 相似文献