山东南四湖摇蚊幼虫群落结构及其对富营养化过程的指示

2010年7月至2011年4月对南四湖摇蚊幼虫群落结构进行了季度调查.共采集到12种摇蚊幼虫,平均密度和生物量分别为(861±701)ind/m2和(6.39±5.12)g/m2.优势种红裸须摇蚊(Propsilocerusi akamusi)和羽摇蚊(Chironomusplumosus)的密度以及生物量分别占总密度和总生物量的97.1%和99.1%,但红裸须摇蚊的密度和生物量显著高于羽摇蚊,分别是羽摇蚊的18.5倍和10.7倍.从水平分布看,红裸须摇蚊在上级湖的密度明显高于下级湖,羽摇蚊则呈全湖性分布,但密度较低.与历史资料相比,南四湖摇蚊幼虫群落发生了显著变化,摇蚊幼虫的平均密度由20世纪80年代初期的88 ind/m2增加到目前的861 ind/m2,优势种由20世纪80年代的羽摇蚊演变为当前的红裸须摇蚊,并且红裸须摇蚊的密度显著升高,这表明南四湖的富营养化趋势加剧.     

Cadmium accumulation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax notoginseng</Emphasis>: levels,affecting factors and the non-carcinogenic health risk

Cadmium (Cd) contamination has been reported to be a problem for the safe usage of Panax notoginseng (Sanchi); thus, it is necessary to elucidate the Cd accumulation in Sanchi and to assess its associated health risk. Samples were collected from major producing areas in Yunnan, China. The average concentration of Cd in Sanchi was 0.43 mg/kg, which exceeds the standard level for herbal medicine in China (0.3 mg/kg). A stepwise regression analysis showed that zinc and the pH were the related factors that most significantly impacted Cd in Sanchi roots. The hazard quotient values were estimated as 0.0010 (men) and 0.0012 (women) for consumers taking preparations and were 0.011 (men) and 0.013 (women) for consumers taking health products, implying that there is no non-carcinogenic hazard associated with Sanchi consumption. However, a Monte Carlo simulation showed that approximately 0.80 % of male and 1.02 % of female consumers via drug consumption and 36.28 % of male and 41.87 % of female consumers via health product consumption had an exposure exceeding the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of Cd from drugs (1 % of the total oral ADI as suggested by the World Health Organization). These people should control their oral Cd intake from both Sanchi consumption and diet as a whole.     

某油田企业职业卫生状况调查

目的对某油田生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素进行调查,分析其危害程度,为采取合理的治理措施提供科学依据。方法现场职业卫生学调查,根据国家现行职业卫生标准对主要的职业病危害因素进行检测。结果该油田化学毒物总的超标率为0．25％,其中采油厂超标率为0．35％：粉尘检测均未超标;噪声强度总的超标率为34．0％。其中采油厂、原稳厂、销售储运系统、工程技术中心噪声超标率分别为38．3％,26．9％,15．2％,25．0％。结论该油田的化学毒物及粉尘浓度绝大多数达到了国家卫生标准,但噪声污染的治理措施存在设计不合理或不完善的地方．尚需加强治理。     

Removal of metals by sorghum plants from contaminated land

The growth of high biomass crops facilitated by optimal of agronomic practices has been considered as an alternative to phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. A field trial was carried out to evaluate the phytoextraction efficiency of heavy metals by three varieties of sweet sorghum (Sorghum biocolor L.), a high biomass energy plant. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) and ammonium sulphate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) were tested for their abilities to enhance the removal of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by sweet sorghum from a contaminated agricultural soil. Sorghum plants always achieved the greatest removal of Pb by leaves and the greatest removal of Cd, Zn and Cu by stems. There was no significant difference among the Keller, Rio and Mray varieties of sweet sorghums in accumulating heavy metals. EDTA treatment was more efficient than ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate in promoting Pb accumulation in sweet sorghum from the contaminated agricultural soil. The application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate increased the accumulation of both Zn and Cd in roots of sorghum plants. Results from this study suggest that cropping of sorghum plants facilitated by agronomic practices may be a sustainable technique for partial decontamination of heavy metal contaminated soils.     

时间压力视角下人格特征与VDT视觉搜索绩效的关系及形成机理*

为合理选拔和培训特定情境下的视觉搜索安检人员,从时间压力视角分析大五人格特征与视觉显示终端（visual display terminal,VDT）的视觉搜索绩效的关系。通过变量分析和设计,提出VDT视觉搜索绩效影响因素理论模型;运用Visual Studio设计实验模拟视觉搜索安检任务,采集绩效及眼动数据;最后进行有中介的调节模型检验。研究结果表明:不同人格特征的VDT视觉搜索绩效存在差异;所有人格特征的搜索策略随机指数随时间压力的增加而降低,但调整强度在不同人格特征之间存在差异,严谨性人格调整幅度最大;时间压力通过搜索策略的中介作用（部分）间接调节人格特征与VDT视觉搜索绩效的关系;较高和较低时间压力下,严谨性人格通过有效的搜索策略调整,绩效最好;中等时间压力下,开放性人格的绩效最好。研究结果可为视觉搜索作业人员的选拔和培训提供理论依据。     

耐辐射球菌抗辐射机制研究进展及其环境修复应用前景

概述了耐辐射球菌Deinococcus radioduras的分类和命名、生理生化特性及基因组特性.综述了耐辐射球菌辐射抗性机制中发挥主要作用的DNA损伤修复途径和主要修复蛋白、特殊的细胞壁和基因组结构以及抗氧自由基能力3个方面的研究进展,并对其在环境修复中的应用前景进行了展望.     

基于弹性理论的软弱顺层岩质边坡受采动影响研究

在有软弱顺层边坡地形中进行采矿通常会引起边坡稳定性变化,因而研究此类边坡在受采动沉陷的影响在地质问题中是尤为重要的。首先利用关键层理论概念分析得到,在含有软弱结构层的岩质斜坡受到采动或开挖影响时,软弱结构层将和关键层同步变形而与上部岩质斜坡产生离层,形成悬臂结构。再根据弹性力学理论计算出岩质斜坡的极限悬臂长度以及断裂长度。最后利用实际矿山地质进行稳定性判断。结果表明,随着工作面的不断推进,采动影响下的离层距离变大,岩质坡体最大拉应力将沿着坡表面向前移动并且逐渐增高,最大拉应力点与发生离层点的距离X_(max)却急速减小,当离层距离达到l_(max)时,最大拉应力达将到坡体抗拉强度,岩质坡体断裂,此时岩体断裂长度达到l_(max)+X_(max);通过实际矿山工程算例得到,当坡顶上离层距离达到6.88 m时,若下方采空区继续推进增加,则上方坡体将产生断裂形成滑坡。     

上海郊区三类典型生境的两栖类分布特征

上海郊区农田,林地,湿地(池塘)三类典型生境是两栖类最主要的栖息地,生境的差异以及两栖类生态特征的不同造成了两栖类在分布上的差异。2014年和2016年5~8月对上海郊区三类典型生境的30个研究样点两栖类生物多样性进行调查,并运用单因素方差分析对三类生境的两栖类群落结构进行比较,通过层次聚类法分析不同生境的两栖类组成相似性。结果显示:(1)两年间共记录到上海郊区两栖类动物1目4科4属5种5 397只,其中泽陆蛙(Fejervarya multistriata),金线侧褶蛙(Pelophylax plancyi)为优势种。黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculata),中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans),饰纹姬蛙(Microhyla fissipes)为常见种。这5种两栖类都为广型分布种。(2)三类生境的两栖类物种丰富度无显著性差异,而两栖类多度差异显著。(3)泽陆蛙,饰纹姬蛙的种群密度在三类生境中差异显著,且在农田生境中最高。黑斑侧褶蛙,金线侧褶蛙的种群密度在三类生境中差异显著且在池塘生境中最高。中华蟾蜍在三类生境中的种群密度无显著性差异。(4)聚类结果为30个研究样点中林地生境与池塘生境被聚为一类,农田生境被单独聚为一类。建议通过对不同生境的保护与恢复达到对上海郊区两栖类生物多样性保护的目的。     

小气候环境温湿度的估算方法

采用最小二乘法对数据进行统计处理,探讨了海南站棚、库等小气候环境温、湿度的估算方法,得到了暴露场温度和水汽压与一号棚、四号库和××库的温度和水汽压都服从直线关系。该方法对处理大气环境因素具有通用性,结果与实际情况完全吻合,并为环境因素监测工作节省人力、物力探明了方向。