Effect of spectral resolution on the measurement of monoaromatic hydrocarbons by DOAS

The excellent response characteristics and detection sensitivity with much lower operational cost and the capability to discriminate between the isomer of some monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHCs) make di erential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) a powerful tool to trace concentration variation of MAHCs. But due to the similarity in chemical structure, those MAHCs have the similar overlapped characteristic absorption structures, which make the selection of instrumental parameter critical to the accurate detection of MAHCs. Firstly, the spectral resolution used in DOAS system determines the nonlinear absorption of O2 and the mass dependence of characteristic absorption structure; thereby it determines the effect of elimination error of O2 absorption in the atmospheric spectra for the detection of MAHCs. Secondly, spectral resolution determines the di erential absorption characteristics of twelve MAHCs representing major constituents in technical solvents used in the automobile industry and the interference of spectral overlapping. Thirdly, the spectral resolution determines the sensitivity, time resolution and linear range. So the spectral resolution range with the best ratio of signal to noise is used to determine the most suitable spectral resolution range, as well as the spectral resolution range that ensure the characteristic absorption structure of MAHCs and the minimization of O2 absorption interference. Finally, 0.15–0.16 nm (FWHM: full width at half maximum) is assumed to be closest to the optimum spectral resolution and it is confirmed by the results of practical measurement of MAHCs by DOAS.     

呼和浩特市城区大气污染时间变化规律的分析

利用2004年到2006年空气质量监测数据,对PM10、SO2、NO23项污染物在不同时期、不同季节、不同时段的变化规律进行分析,为制定相应的防治措施提供科学依据。     

基于专家-新手范式的飞行员模拟仪表进近注视特征差异研究

为探究飞行员注意资源在驾驶舱仪表间的分配策略,利用眼动仪、DA-42飞行模拟机等搭建仪表进近模拟飞行试验平台,基于专家-新手范式采集飞行教员和飞行学员的眼动数据,并利用注视熵率表征被试者扫视行为的随意性.结果表明:在最后进近航段,全体被试者高度关注姿态仪、水平状态指示器和高度表3个兴趣区,注视时间占总注视时间的78％以上;绩效优组在空速表、高度表、垂直速度表和其他区域的注视时间百分比显著高于绩效差组,而在各兴趣区的平均注视时长显著低于绩效差组;绩效优组的注视熵率显著高于绩效差组,这意味着其在仪表进近过程中的扫视灵活性更大.研究可为指导飞行员培训、预防飞行员人为差错提供参考.     

Assessing availability, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of lead to ryegrass and millet based on 0.1 mol/L Ca(NO3)2 extraction

This study was conducted to assess availability, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of lead （Pb） to ryegrass （Lolium perenne L.） and millet （Echinochloa crusgalli） based on the 0.1 mol/L Ca（NO3）2 extraction. Effect of soil properties on availability, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of Pb to the two plants was also evaluated. Five soils with pH values varying from 3.8 to 7.3, organic carbon （OC） contents from 0.7% to 2.4%, and clay contents from 11.6% to 35.6% were selected. Soils were spiked with Pb to achieve a range of concentrations： 250, 500, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg. Pb availability in the spiked soils was estimated by extracting soil with 0.1 mol/L Ca（NO3）2. The results indicate that plants yield decreased with decreasing soil pH and increased with increasing soil clay and OC content. Negative relationship between available Pb and the relative dry matter growth （RDMG） of the two plants were significantly related. Available Pb used to assess EC20 （20% effective concentration） and EC50 （50% effective concentration） of millet was 119 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Available Pb used to assess EC20 and EC50 of ryegrass was 63 and 157 mg/kg, respectively. Bioaccumulation, expressed as bioconcentration factors of Pb, was inversely related to soil pH, soil OC and clay content. Strong relationships were found between available lead and uptake by the two plants （P was 0.92 and 0.95 respectively）. In general, 0.1 mol/L Ca（NO3）2 available Pb may be used to assess the availability, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of lead to the two plants tested.     

有机酸强化Fe(Ⅲ)还原介导的Shewanella oneidensis MR-1降解磺胺甲噁唑

在实验室条件下,研究了Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对磺胺甲噁唑（Sulfamethoxazole,SMX）的降解特性以及低分子有机酸强化Fe（Ⅲ）还原介导的S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的降解.结果表明,S.oneidensis MR-1对不同浓度SMX的降解能力与体系中的有机酸和Fe（Ⅲ）密切相关.低浓度SMX对其生长影响不大,高浓度时细菌生长则受到抑制,进而抑制SMX的降解率.当低分子有机酸单独加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的最大降解率为58.5%;Fe（Ⅲ）单独加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX的最大降解率为67.6%.此外,当柠檬酸和Fe（OH）₃同时加入体系后,S.oneidensis MR-1对SMX生物降解和铁还原作用促进效果最显著,培养5 d后SMX降解率为90.3%.最后,采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）对SMX的降解中间产物进行了分析,推测SMX的可能降解途径是由S-N键断裂引起的.本研究以期为地下水污染场地修复提供理论依据.     

江苏省机动车和非道路移动机械排气污染防治立法探索和思考

随着燃煤、工业、扬尘等大气污染源的治理力度不断加强，机动车和非道路移动机械等移动源的排放贡献率逐步增加，已成为城市最主要的大气污染源之一。《江苏省机动车和非道路移动机械排气污染防治条例》已于2022年11月25日通过江苏省第十三届人民代表大会常务会员会第三十三次会议审议， 自2023年5月1日起施行。该条例的施行将为协同开展机动车和非道路移动机械排气监管，深入打好污染防治攻坚战提供有力的法规支撑。介绍了这部法规的背景、立法修订的必要性、制度设计的主要内容及创新亮点，分析了存在的不足并提出建议，为未来移动源立法工作提供地方经验和参考。     

基于深度学习的遥感图像水边线提取方法与应用

本文提出一种基于注意力机制的像素级海陆语义分割网络A-Unet用来提取水边线，并通过条件随机场对A-Unet分类结果进行细化。以天津沿海地区的人工海岸与威海地区的基岩海岸为例，对所提方法进行了验证，实验表明，与其他水边线分割方法相比，本文提出的方法能够得到更精细的结果，实现对遥感图像水边线的像素级语义分割。该方法提取了天津地区近10年海岸线并对其变化趋势进行了定性和定量分析，可为城市海洋资源的合理开发、海洋生态环境的保护提供更好的决策与参考依据。