铜锌同位素方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

近年来,随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)逐渐应用,过渡族金属(Cu,Zn和Fe等)同位素测试方法逐渐成熟,测定精度可达0.04‰,使得铜锌铁等同位素地球化学研究成为近年来国际地学研究领域的热点。本文对铜锌同位素的测试方法、分馏机理及其在环境地球化学研究领域的应用进行了较系统综述。     

基于PEMS技术的交叉口尾气排放特性分析

利用车载尾气检测设备(PEMS)OEM-2100收集了在交叉口和路段上的实时尾气排放数据,利用GIS和相应二次开发工具构造了排放数据的分析平台,提出了交叉口尾气排放的空间分析方法,并对所收集的数据进行了对比分析。在此基础上,得到了交叉口处车辆各转向下的不同排放物的排放特征,计算了交叉口各转向相对于路段的排放系数,并对PEMS技术交叉口尾气排放进行了探讨。     

粘弹性地基上钢筋混凝土方板在低速撞击下的动力响应分析

针对工程中所遇到的撞击问题,在事先仅知道初速度的情况下,研究分析了半无限线性粘弹性地基上的钢筋混凝土方板受低速刚体撞击时的动力响应问题。与高速冲击问题中板结构发生局部破坏的情况不同,低速撞击下板结构发生的是整体响应破坏,因此计算时主要考虑结构的整体响应,但仍须考虑撞击局部损伤影响。建立了局部变形和整体响应间的关系模型,根据该模型推导出钢筋混凝土方板在低速撞击下位移响应w(x,y,t)和撞击反力p(t)的表达式,并结合算例讨论了粘弹性地基对计算结果的影响。     

Removal of trace Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by porous activated carbon balls supported by nanoscale zero-valent iron composites

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, porous activated carbon balls supported by nanoscale zero-valent iron composites (Fe@PACB-700) were used for the first time for the...     

便携式GC-MS仪快速测定水中硝基苯及其在应急监测中的应用

采用便携式GC-MS仪快速测定水中硝基苯,通过优化水中离子强度和顶空加热时间,使方法在0μg/L^300μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为2.5μg/L。标准溶液6次测定结果的RSD为7.8%~10.9%,实际水样的加标回收率为80.7%~103%。同步测定试验表明,硝基苯与7种苯系物分离良好。与国标方法对比,该方法单个样品测定时间由2 h缩短为15 min。将该方法用于应急监测工作中,及时有效的数据可为污水处理及事故调查提供分析和研判依据。     

Discovering meaningful information from large amounts of environment and health data to reduce uncertainties in formulating environmental policies

This study uses knowledge discovery concepts to analyze large amounts of data step by step for the purpose of assisting in the formulation of environmental policy. We performed data cleansing and extracting from existing nation-wide databases, and used regression and classification techniques to analyze the data. The current water hardness in Kaohsiung, Taiwan contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but exacerbates the development of renal stones (RS). However, to focus on water hardness alone to control RS would not be cost effective at all, because the existing database parameters do not adequately allow for a clear understanding of RS. Analysis of huge amounts of data can most often turn up the most reliable and convincing results and the use of existing databases can be cost-effective.     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定海洋沉积物中的多氯联苯

采用QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法,建立了海洋沉积物中18种多氯联苯的分析方法。样品加入乙腈及QuEChERS萃取盐振荡提取后,通过PSA和C18净化包进行净化,采用动态多级反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明,18种多氯联苯标准溶液线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 2~0.999 9。对连云港近岸海域表层沉积物样品进行低、中、高3个不同质量分数的加标实验,回收率为70.6%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为6.5%~14.8%,符合质控要求。方法检出限为0.02~0.08 μg/kg,能够满足痕量分析要求。该方法能够避免使用大量溶剂,操作简便、稳定可靠、灵敏度较高,适用于海洋沉积物中多氯联苯的分析检测。     

毒气泄漏事故居民疏散心理行为特征相关性研究

为了研究在毒气泄漏事故中居民的心理行为特征,选择发生过毒气泄漏事故的某化工企业,采用问卷法对其周边居民进行调查,并运用SPSS软件对调查问卷的结果进行独立性分析,从而得出居民在疏散过程中的各种心理行为反应的相关因素,为制定有效的应急疏散管理预案提供科学的依据。     

一种基于事故后果的重大危险源安全规划方法

介绍了一种基于事故后果的重大危险源安全规划方法。该方法详细阐述了“最坏”事故情景选择、事故后果阈值确定及后果伤害范围划分的方法,以危险源周边人群作为主要脆弱性目标,通过分析事故后果伤害范围和目标的脆弱性级别确定危险源与周边环境的兼容性。另外,以危险品仓储区为例,利用该方法对仓储区可能发生的事故后果影响范围进行计算,对仓储区选址的可行性进行分析。本文提出的重大危险源安全规划方法可为城市土地使用及危险源的安全规划提供参考。     

Effects of nitrate concentration in interstitial water on the bioremediation of simulated oil-polluted shorelines

Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines.To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches,nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1,5 and 10 mg/L.Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range.Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level,the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria(PDB)and heterotrophic bacteria (HB),and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate.Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L(NO_3-N)group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB;while in 1 mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%,and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients.Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable,lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency (70.5%) compared to 5 mg/L group.Furthermore,it would need more NO_3-N(0.371 mg)to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group(0.197 mg).In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to 1 and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.