某生活污水处理站设计经验总结

介绍某生活污水处理站的工程设计和工艺流程,以及主要的构筑物及其设备;并对污水处理站在运行管理中出现的问题进行剖析,对设计出现的问题进行理论和实践分析,并进行整改;最后在实际运行的基础上,总结经验教训并对处理规模进行预测,以及对以后的同类型污水处理站的设计提出一些参考性的经验参数.     

我省专科学生使用互联网存在的问题及对策

高职高专学生在我省大学生群体占有较大的比重。他们对互联网的认识和使用中 存在一些带有普遍性问题。针对这些问题。我们提出了一些教育对策和建议。     

Effectiveness evaluation of water-sprinkling in controlling urban fugitive road dust based on TRAKER method: A case study in Baoding, China

Fugitive road dust (FRD) contributes a great deal to urban rainwater and air pollution and is commonly controlled by water-sprinkling in most Chinese cities. However, there is a lack of information on its effectiveness. We used the Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) method to monitor different types of roads in Baoding city before and within 1 hr after water-sprinkling and obtained the road dirtiness index (a) and PM concentration in the road environment ($T_{\mathrm{T}}^{*}$), to evaluate the removal efficiency for PM deposited on the road surface (${\eta }_a$) and the reduction efficiency for the PM concentration in the road environment (${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$). The results give that the ${\eta }_a$ for three types of roads is ranked: branch road (87%-–100%) > major arterial road (80%-83%) > minor arterial road (68%-77%), and the ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ ranked: minor arterial road (70%) > branch road (46%-58%) > major arterial road (37%-53%). The ${\eta }_a$ and ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ varied non-linearly with time and presented a quadratic curve. The average effective control time (${\eta }_{\mathit{a}}$> 0) was 62 min on the major and minor arterial roads, and much longer than 1 hr on branch roads. The ${\eta }_{\text{PM}}$ values diminished completely by 72 min on average from the end of sprinkling for the three types of roads. Water-sprinkling can remove PM₁₀ particles from the road surface and reduce their concentration in the road environment more thoroughly than PM_2.5. Our findings could be helpful for controlling urban FRD emissions more efficiently and precisely.     

温泉宾馆室内PM_(10),PM_(2.5),CO_2和~(222)Rn的研究

对广东省 4座温泉宾馆室内外氡(222Rn)浓度和温泉水氡浓度进行研究,同时利用便携式探测器对室内外 PM10,PM2.5,CO2和CO 等污染物暴露水平进行直接测定.结果表明,温泉宾馆室内使用温泉水时氡浓度明显高于广东省室内平均氡浓度.除 CO 外,室内 PM10,PM2.5 和CO2 浓度都较高,其中 PM10 和 CO2 的超标率分别达到 67%和 89%.说明温泉宾馆室内不仅存在一般性污染物,而且存在高浓度的 Rn. 222     

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.     

2000年以来黄河流域土地市场化时空格局演变及驱动因素

基于土地市场交易结构的视角,测算2000-2016年黄河流域104个地级以上城市一级土地市场化程度,综合利用Global Moran's I、G^*_i指数空间统计模型对其时空格局演变特征进行分析,运用灰色关联度分析模型探究土地市场化时空格局演变的主要驱动因素。研究发现：2000-2016年,黄河流域土地市场化水平表现出先持续上升后不断下降的阶段性变化特征,呈现了“东高西低”的空间分异格局。黄河流域土地市场化水平整体具有显著的空间自相关性,土地市场化热点区域以下游主要城市为核心,经历了先加速蔓延、后缓步收缩的时空演进历程。黄河流域土地市场化水平的时空格局演变主要由经济发展水平、产业结构升级、固定资产投资、政府财政收支比、外商直接投资以及区位条件等因素共同驱动,但受我国社会经济发展的阶段性影响,各因素在不同年份的影响程度存在显著的差异性。     

低DO浓度下短程硝化试验研究

进水氨氮浓度不变，低DO下启动并运行了短程硝化试验，考察了反应器内的氨氮氧化和亚硝酸盐积累情况。试验结果表明反应器内氨氮几乎全部被氧化，污泥浓度从4500mg／L下降到870mg／L，此时亚硝酸盐的积累率为55％，说明只控制DO的浓度很难实现高的积累率，同时受到温度和污泥龄等的较大影响。     

烟气自动在线监控系统的历史发展与技术分析

对现阶段我国烟气自动在线监测系统(对固定污染源排放的烟气中的SO2、NOx、CO等气态污染物进行自动连续监测和数据自动在线传输的系统,称为Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems,简称CEMS)仪器设备市场上的三种主要技术方法:直接分析法,in-situ;完全抽取法,Extractive;稀释法,Dilution,结合安装使用现场实际工作,进行了对比与分析,并提出了烟气自动在线监测系统CEMS的改良方法与发展方向.     

湖泊富营养化程度的灰色系统评价

将灰色系统理论应用于湖泊富营化程度的评价中，并建立了相应的隶属函数模型，实例分析表明，该方法具有计算简便，分辨率高，评估结果客观，合理等特点。     

光强度对景观水体水质影响探讨

对景观水体来说,阳光会对水质产生一定的影响,而了解此影响的规律可以为更好的保持景观水质提供依据.在遮光和见光两种环境下对水体进行监测,发现光照首先体现在对藻类的影响上,而藻类的繁殖会对其他指标产生连锁反应,进而影响到整个水质情况.水体表面覆盖一定量的水生植物可以从遮光角度对水质的保持有所帮助.