Partitioning and removal of dioxin-like congeners in flue gases treated with activated carbon adsorption

Activated carbon adsorption is commonly used to control dioxin-like congener (PCDD/Fs and PCBs) emissions. Partitioning of PCDD/Fs and PCBs between vapor and solid phases and their removal efficiencies achieved with existing air pollution control devices (APCDs) at a large-scale municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and an industrial waste incinerator (IWI) are evaluated via intensive stack sampling and analysis. Those two facilities investigated are equipped with activated carbon injection (ACI) with bag filter (BF) and fixed activated carbon bed (FACB) as major PCDD/F control devices, respectively. Average PCDD/F and PCB concentrations of stack gas with ACI+BF as APCDs are 0.031 and 0.006ng-TEQ/Nm(3), and that achieved with FACB are 1.74 and 0.19ng-TEQ/Nm(3) in MWI and IWI, respectively. The results show that FACB could reduce vapor-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs concentrations in flue gas, while the ACI+BF can effectively adsorb the vapor-phase dioxin-like congener and collect the solid-phase PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the meantime. Additionally, the results of the pilot-scale adsorption system (PAS) experimentation indicate that each gram activated carbon adsorbs 105-115ng-PCDD/Fs and each surface area (m(2)) of activated carbon adsorbs 10-25ng-PCDD/Fs. Based on the results of PAS experimentation, this study confirms that the surface area of mesopore+macropore (20-200A) of the activated carbon is a critical factor affecting PCDD/F adsorption capacity.     

联合NaOH和Ca(OH)2强化剩余污泥厌氧发酵生产挥发性脂肪酸

以剩余污泥为研究对象,在序批式厌氧反应器中探究了NaOH和Ca（OH）2联合作用对污泥厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的影响。结果表明,相较于NaOH单独发酵,NaOH和Ca（OH）2的联合作用能够进一步促进VFA的积累,且NaOH和Ca（OH）2的质量比例为50：50时,VFA的最大积累量为286 mg COD·g-1VSS。机理研究表明,NaOH和Ca（OH）2联合作用能够促进污泥溶解过程,并且溶解性COD（SCOD）的最大含量为3 650 mg·L-1,同时NaOH和Ca（OH）2联合作用能够促进胞外聚合物内部有机物向外部的转移。NaOH和Ca（OH）2联合作用能够进一步遏制产甲烷古菌的活性,甲烷的最大积累量为165 mL,远小于NaOH单独影响下甲烷的积累量。研究结果对指导污泥厌氧发酵回收能源物质具有一定的指导意义。     

脂肪酶对餐厨垃圾厌氧产气的影响

在序批式厌氧反应器中探究了脂肪酶对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响,结果表明脂肪酶能强化甲烷的积累量,且最佳的脂肪酶投加量为0.4 g·L-1,相应的甲烷积累量为356 mL·g-1 VSS,该数值是空白对照组的1.3倍。进一步机理研究表明脂肪酶能够促进溶解性COD的释放,提高生物脱氢酶的活性而减少长链挥发性脂肪酸的积累,进而提高甲烷的积累量。     

多相催化臭氧氧化技术处理染料废水生化出水

采用多相催化臭氧氧化技术对某染料废水一级好氧生化出水进行系统实验研究,考察该技术对废水COD、色度的去除能力,并探讨其提高废水可生化性的能力。结果表明：在最佳操作条件下,即臭氧投加量200 mg·L-1,接触时间20 min时,COD平均从647 mg·L-1降低到440 mg·L-1,臭氧化指数约等于1;进水色度2 000倍左右,色度去除率达95%以上;SOUR值平均提高至原水的4倍;毒性由65%左右降低至0%;GC-MS结果显示废水中苯胺类、挥发酚类和硝基苯类等有毒污染物几乎全部被去除。另外,对实验所用的自制催化剂（连续使用90 d）进行ICP、BET、SEM、EDS分析,其有效成分锰、铈基本无损耗,催化剂性能稳定。研究表明在废水处理一级生化阶段后增加多相催化臭氧技术,不仅能够进一步去除COD,还可以明显提高二级好氧生化脱氮能力,对于污水处理的升级改造具有重要意义。     

诱导结晶法同时去除铜、锌离子

考察投药量、水力负荷、停留时间等因素,对诱导结晶反应器去除Cu2+、Zn2+效果的影响,确定最佳运行参数为：水力负荷40 m3·（m2·h）-1,结晶药剂投药量2：1,停留时间90 min。在最佳运行参数下,结晶反应器处理含铜20 mg·L-1,含锌10 mg·L-1、pH为5.5~6.0的混合重金属废水。反应器连续运行40 d,出水中铜离子和锌离子平均浓度分别为1.31 mg·L-1和4.57 mg·L-1,铜离子和锌离子平均去除率分别是93.4%和51.3%。诱晶载体粒径由0.568 mm长至0.617 mm,平均生长速度为0.001 23 mm·d-1。研究表明,该诱导结晶工艺可以用作同时去除废水中的Cu2+、Zn2+。     

Recent changes in trophic state of the Baltic Sea along SW coast of Finland

Drawing reliable conclusions on changes in the trophic state of various subareas of the Baltic Sea is problematic, in large part because the monitoring of productivity parameters exhibiting high natural variability is based on sparse sampling. This emphasizes the importance of long-term data sets. Here we present a 30-year chlorophyll alpha data set from the western Gulf of Finland. The trophic state of the study area showed an increasing trend in the 1970s and 1980s manifested mainly as strengthened vernal blooms. This trend did not continue in the 1990s, and the seasonal phytoplankton biomass maxima since then has begun to show some bias toward the late summer. The changes in seasonal maxima of phytoplankton blooms probably reflect i) decreased availability of N suppressing the magnitude of the vernal bloom, which increases the P reserves for the summer, and ii) enhanced internal P loading, which further increases the summer P reserves.     

一起工伤事故的分析与预防

叙述了工作面减速机液力耦合器伤人经过 ,分析了事故各方面的原因 ,并制定了预防措施 ,具有普遍性和典型性。     

A multilevel investigation of predictors and outcomes of shared leadership

For modern organizations, shared leadership becomes increasingly important. Knowledge on shared leadership may be limited, as past research often relies on cross-sectional data or student samples, and most studies neglect the multilevel nature of shared leadership. Our research model includes transformational leadership, trust, and organizational support as predictors of shared leadership. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of shared leadership on team performance and team creativity. In total, 160 teams with 697 employees participated in our field study. Data collection took place at three time points. To test our hypotheses, we used multilevel modeling with a Bayesian estimator. We found relationships of transformational leadership and trust with shared leadership at the team level and of transformational leadership, trust, and organizational support with shared leadership at the individual level. Furthermore, shared leadership fully mediated the effect of the three input factors on team performance and team creativity. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of shared leadership. Furthermore, the dynamic development of team processes based on an input–mediator–output model is explored. On the basis of the results, organizations can increase shared leadership behavior by focusing on transformational leadership and trust building.     

双重预防性工作机制在特大型高炉大检修安全管理中的研究与实践

特大型高炉大检修的工期紧,高风险项目多,极易发生安全事故。在分析特大型高炉大检修安全风险特性的基础上,通过研究双重预防性工作机制相关理论,从责任界定、流程构建、运作方式等方面,对构建特大型高炉大检修安全风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防性工作机制进行了探索,并应用到首钢京唐公司1号高炉大检修作业安全管控中,取得了特大型高炉大检修安全无事故的佳绩。双重预防性工作机制应用到特大型高炉大检修安全管理中的研究和成功实践,为特大型高炉大检修安全管理、创新科学管理手段和模式,提供了可借鉴的理论支持和实践经验。     

长江经济带开发区及其产业空间格局演变研究

开发区是区域经济发展的重要引擎,优化开发区空间布局和产业结构配置对长江经济带经济协调可持续发展具有重要的现实意义.运用统计分析及地理空间分析方法,探究长江经济带省级以上开发区及其产业的空间格局演变特征,并采用多元线性回归方法探析技术密集型产业空间分布的主要影响因素.结果表明:长江江经济带开发区空间布局1992～2012年由分散"多点状"结构变为"T字型"结构,2012～2017年稳定为"网格状结构";开发区空间分布呈稳定的"西南-东北"方向,分布中心偏移特征为"东北向-正西向-东北向",2002～2012年偏移幅度最大,2012～2017年偏移幅度最小,地理空间总体呈扩张态势;开发区空间相关性总体上波动起伏,高-高集聚区域先增大再缩小;开发区产业中技术密集型产业具有绝对优势,其中以装备制造业为主,其与电子通信产业共同呈现明显的"一核多极"空间分布特征,四大行业中另外2个行业与开发区空间布局特征相一致;三大类型产业中,总体呈现为上下波动的集聚特征,只有1992年的劳动密集型产业为分散特征;城市经济环境对于开发区产业发展有正向联系,而政府引用外资存在一定的反向联系,政策因素在整个发展过程中发挥了重要的影响作用.