蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and number of outpatient Helicobacter pylori infection visits

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is an important risk factor of gastrointestinal diseases, but factors leading to it are still not fully...     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...     

不同截面抗滑桩的土拱效应对比研究∗

土拱效应是桩土作用理论研究的重要依据,但由于对不同截面形式抗滑桩的土拱效应作用机理研究较少,在抗滑桩设计中大多采用传统截面形式,考虑到传统矩形抗滑桩在形成土拱效应方面的不足,提出梯形截面优化抗滑桩截面形式。基于材料力学理论,利用轴向受压杆件的斜截面应力计算模型推导出梯形桩桩侧土拱拱脚受压区应力状态,并结合摩尔—库伦强度准则得出梯形桩桩侧极限承载力,通过算例对比分析梯形与矩形桩桩侧土拱极限承载力,结合数值模拟分析验证理论与计算结果。研究结果表明：梯形截面桩桩侧极限承载力相较于矩形截面有较为明显的提升,最大约为矩形桩的 2.5 倍;相同条件下梯形截面桩桩间土位移与剪应变增量更小,应力集中现象更明显,梯形截面桩对土拱效应的形成与发展更有利。     

热-碱处理污泥与木耳菌糠共发酵产酸性能的研究

为克服单一剩余活性污泥(WAS)发酵产酸效率低的问题和资源化利用废弃木耳菌糠(SMS),本文对热-碱预处理污泥(PWS)和菌糠进行共发酵,研究预处理和菌糠添加对共发酵体系的产酸性能影响.试验基于原料的总固体含量(TS)共设置6个处理,分别为污泥(WAS∶SMS=1∶0)、预处理污泥(PWS∶SMS=1∶0)、菌糠(PW...     

促进森林资源产权流转制度完善的若干思考

在生态危机日益严重的今天,如何在提高我国森林资源的生产效率和森林覆盖率的同时,完善森林资源产权流转制度是摆在我们面前的一项重要课题。本文主要分析了我国森林资源产权流转中存在的一系列问题,并提出了一些建议。     

不同类型表面活性剂对三氯乙烯的增溶作用

考察不同类型的表面活性剂对三氯乙烯(TCE)的增溶作用.选用阴离子型十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、非离子型聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚(TX100)、阳离子型十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)及生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和脂肽,研究表面活性剂对三氯乙烯的增溶能力.结果表明,5种表面活性剂浓度在临界胶束浓度(CMC)以上时,TCE在水相中的表观溶解度随表面活性剂浓度的增大而线性增大.质量增溶比(WSR)和摩尔增溶比(MSR)为鼠李糖脂>脂肽>CTAB>TX100>SDS.在各表面活性剂溶液中,所用的各表面活性剂质量浓度顺序为SDS#TX100=CTAB#鼠李糖脂=脂肽,两种生物表面活性剂的质量浓度仅为SDS的1%,但生物表面活性剂对TCE的饱和增溶容量有更好的提高效果.因此,相比之下,生物表面活性剂对TCE的增溶能力较强,其中以鼠李糖脂为最佳,而在化学合成表面活性剂中阳离子表面活性剂CTAB增溶TCE的效果最优.     

城市抗震防灾规划管理辅助决策信息系统

科学地进行城市抗震防灾规划是非常必要的。根据我国城市抗震防灾的特点，编制了城市抗震防灾规划管理辅助决策信息系统，提出了系统的设计思想、体系结构和功能结构。系统采用面向对象语言Visual C＋＋6．0在ArcGIS提供的COM组件集ArcObjects上进行二次开发，应用了多种信息技术（GIS和数据库）和辅助决策理论进行空间信息的获取、分析和计算，并编制了与查询、空间分析、决策分析和规划管理相应的功能模块。     

光纤传感器FBG和BOTDR应用于结构监测的若干比较研究

对建筑结构进行健康监测,可以防止和避免灾害的发生。传感器的选择和使用是进行结构监测时首先要考虑的问题。光纤传感器是一种新型的传感器,因种类不同在性能方面也相差较大。FBG(FiberBraggGating,光纤Bragg光栅)和BOTDR(BrillouinOpticalTimeDomainReflectometry,布里渊光时域反射计)是近些年来发展比较快的光纤传感器,本文介绍了这两种光纤传感器,并着重从两者传感的基本原理、传感系统组成、温度补偿研究和性能优劣等方面进行了详细的比较,得出了各自作为结构监测传感器的优缺点,为今后的监测选用提供了依据,使应用两者时能够做到扬长避短。