基于ADuC824的环境监测系统设计与实现

介绍了一种对环境情况进行监测的系统软硬件设计方案.以ADI公司的ADuC824单片机为核心芯片,结合各类传感器和外围元器件构建,系统集成了环境信息采集、信息识别转换、双机通信和微电子电路等多种新技术,采用多通道实时采集数据,并解决了环境参数复杂难数字化的问题,实现了对环境参数全面高效的监测.     

劳动防护用品与职工福利异同点及意义浅析

1引言如今,人们对劳动防护用品及其作用的认识日渐深刻,它已不再是可有可无,更不是企业或单位的点缀品,而是实实在在地成为实现安全生产不可或缺的重     

Enantioselective ecotoxicity of the herbicide dichlorprop and complexes formed with chitosan in two fresh water green algae

To reduce the leaching potential, to prevent groundwater contamination and to maintain the efficacy of a pesticide, natural polysaccharides have received increasing attention due to their biocompatibility and useful biological reactivity for controlled release formulations (CRFs) of pesticides. In this paper, the toxicities of the chiral herbicide dichlorprop (DCPP) and its complexes with chitosan molecules (DCPP-CS) and chitosan nanoparticles (DCPP-NP) to two different green algae were determined and compared. The inhibition rates of DCPP, DCPP-CS and DCPP-NP were determined at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 h, and the results show that (S)-DCPP was more toxic to Chlorella vulgaris than (R)-DCPP, while the (R)-DCPP was more toxic to Scenedesmus obliquus than (S)-DCPP. The study also found that the chiral selectivity of DCPP to Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus could be changed when DCPP was complexed with chitosan molecules (CS) or chitosan nanoparticles (NP). For Chlorella vulgaris, the order of inhibition was (R)-DCPP-CS > (S)-DCPP-CS and (R)-DCPP-NP > (S)-DCPP-NP; for Scenedesmus obliquus, the order was (S)-DCPP-CS > (R)-DCPP-CS and (S)-DCPP-NP > (R)-DCPP-NP. This phenomenon suggests that the enantioselective behaviors of chiral compounds might shift when interactions with other chiral receptors coexist in different biological environments. Additionally, chitosan molecules and chitosan nanoparticles also showed different toxicities, which could be ascribed to the difference in the physicochemical properties between CS and NP or the differences in the cell walls of the two fresh water green algae.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铅的质量控制指标研究

通过对全国9个省份82家实验室监测数据的分析,研究确定了石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铅的质量控制指标。建议控制值为：标准样品室内相对标准偏差（RSD）≤5.0%,实际样品相对偏差（RD）≤30.0%,标准样品室间相对标准偏差（RSD’）≤10%,标准样品相对误差（RE）≤±8.0%,加标回收率范围为90%～115%,同时还对方法的重复性和再现性指标进行了验证性研究。     

不同水体沉积物中磷的形态分析

磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,其含量与水体的营养程度密切相关,过剩的磷会导致水体富营养化,使生态平衡遭到破坏.就不同水体沉积物中磷的形态进行了分类综述,归纳总结了不同水体沉积物中磷的形态以及分布特征,并且进一步概述了影响沉积物中磷向水体释放的因素.     

药渣生物炭基质联合麦饭石对土壤-黑麦草体系的调控与机制

以板蓝根药渣为原料,选择300℃和500℃厌氧裂解制备2种生物炭(BC300和BC500)、BC500载Fe改性炭(FeBC500)、天然麦饭石(MFS)、BC500与MFS等质量组合[BC500∶MFS(1∶1)]、Fe-BC500与MFS等质量组合[Fe-BC500∶MFS(1∶1)]材料为钝化剂,采用室内盆栽实验和等温吸附实验,研究了其对土壤-黑麦草体系的调控效果,并通过比表面孔分布测定(BET)、扫描电镜分析(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)探讨了其机制.结果表明,在添加量为2%(土)时,BC300、BC500、Fe-BC500、MFS、BC500∶MFS(1∶1)和Fe-BC500∶MFS(1∶1)均可显著降低(P 0. 05)黑麦草体内Cu和Cd含量以及显著增加黑麦草的生物量,且黑麦草的叶绿素含量和根系活力均可指示这一效果. BC300处理抑制黑麦草吸收Cu和Cd,增加黑麦草的生物量的效果要优于其他处理,可使黑麦草地下部分Cu和Cd含量分别减少44. 78%和63. 89%,地上部分分别减少76. 34%和53. 40%;地下部分生物量增加327. 22%,地上部分生物量增加504. 11%. Langmuir方程更好地拟合BC300、BC500和Fe-BC500的吸附效果,且对Cu的最大吸附量分别为8. 02、9. 20和8. 82 mg·g~(-1);对Cd的最大吸附量分别为7. 97、8. 51和7. 70 mg·g~(-1). Freundlich方程能更好地拟合MFS的吸附效果,对Cu和Cd的最大吸附量分别为7. 03 mg·g~(-1)和6. 10 mg·g~(-1). BC300和BC500主要通过其表面羟基、羧基、羰基和酯基,Fe-BC500主要通过其表面羟基和铁羟基,MFS主要通过其中Na Al Si3O8和Al2Si2O5(OH)4表面的硅羟基、羟基和羧基分别与Cu和Cd发生配合反应,进而达到钝化修复Cu和Cd污染土壤的效果.因此,药渣生物炭、铁改性药渣生物炭和麦饭石及其组合材料均可被用于Cu和Cd复合污染土壤修复,但修复机制不同.     

2018年石家庄市秋冬季典型霾污染特征

依托河北省灰霾污染防治重点实验室,对2018年10月31日至12月3日期间石家庄市大气PM_(2.5)的质量浓度和化学组分进行连续在线观测,解析石家庄市秋末冬初典型灰霾过程的特征.观测期间,石家庄市共发生4次霾污染过程,PM_(2.5)均为首要污染物,日均浓度最大值分别为154、228、379和223μg·m~(-3),达到重度污染甚至严重污染.PM_(2.5)主要组分为无机水溶性离子(WSII)和含碳气溶胶,两者质量浓度的平均占比分别为(60. 7±15. 6)%和(21. 6±9. 7)%.相比优良天,两者浓度分别上升了4. 4倍和3. 1倍,是霾污染形成的主要原因.WSII中NO_3~-为首要成分,SO_4~(2-)和NH_4~+次之,三者(SNA)质量浓度之和占WSII质量浓度的(91. 5±17. 3)%,污染期间SNA的暴发式增长是推高PM_(2.5)浓度的主要原因.非高湿条件下,单位质量NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的变化速率差异不明显,高湿条件触发SO_2的液相氧化过程后,SO_4~(2-)二次转化被显著促进.大气处于富NH_3状态,PM_(2.5)中n(NH_4~+)与n(NO_3~-+2×SO_4~(2-))的比值 1,过量NH_3加剧NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的转化.霾污染时段,燃煤和机动车排放的一次污染物的积累为含碳气溶胶浓度上升的主要原因,相比优良天,二次有机碳的生成受到抑制.在采暖季开始之前的两次霾污染过程,移动源为PM_(2.5)首要污染源,平均占比30. 8%和39. 8%.随着燃煤采暖污染排放的增加,燃煤源贡献逐步增高至25. 2%,攀升为首要污染源.     

资源枯竭型城市产业转型及其经济韧性——以湖北省大冶市为例

产业转型是资源枯竭型城市面临的重要发展问题,探究资源枯竭型城市产业转型及其经济韧性的演化机制,对实现城市高质量发展具有重要意义。从演化经济韧性视角出发,以湖北省大冶市为例,构建资源枯竭型城市经济韧性评价指标体系,采取熵值法和PLS偏最小二乘法,定量揭示2000—2019年湖北省大冶市产业转型过程中经济韧性的演化特征及驱动机制。结果显示：（1）研究区经济韧性经历了衰退适应、抵御恢复、响应提升的演化阶段,分别对应其经济衰退转变期（2000—2009年）、发展恢复期（2010—2014年）、高效提升期（2015—2019年）,经济韧性水平呈现出“缓慢→快速”的上升态势。（2）2000—2019年研究区经济韧性演化的驱动因子由产业结构转变和创新水平提升转向多要素共同推动,其中居民收入、市场规模、政府调控能力、产业技术水平等因子是推进研究区经济韧性演进的关键因素。（3）产业多元化转型是研究区经济韧性提升的直接动力,以产业相关多样化为传导路径,在多要素驱动下研究区向更高层次的城市生命阶段演进。当压力要素消解、城市状态调整、响应方式优化时,经济韧性将通过激活产业要素、均衡化拓展驱动力来推动产业的“路...     

VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM_2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM_2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NO_x emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m³ for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m³ for the annual average of PM_2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NO_x emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m³, deep NO_x emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m³, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.     

基于GF-6的翅碱蓬生长密度遥感定量反演

翅碱蓬作为辽东湾湿地典型生境植被,其生长密度可直观地反映盘锦蓝色海湾整治行动修复效果。本研究以高分六号(GF-6)卫星影像为数据源,基于野外实测数据,开展翅碱蓬生长密度遥感定量反演。研究发现：(1)翅碱蓬生物量湿重与各植被指数的相关性比干重更为显著,基于转换型土壤调整指数(transformed soil-adjusted vegetation index, TSAVI)的二次多项式回归分析模型是翅碱蓬生物量遥感反演的最优模型;(2)本研究基于实测数据构建的翅碱蓬生长密度模型,对不同覆盖情况的翅碱蓬群落均具有较好适用性,实测验证R²>0.97,符合生长密度遥感反演精度要求,且算法中的土壤线系数具有一定的鲁棒性。本研究可为滨海湿地保护修复效果评估提供技术支持。