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731.
废水污染物排放总量控制监测技术路线及要求 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
从中国污染物宏观控制目标出发,阐述了中国实施废水污染物排放总量控制监测的技术路线、监测项目以及相关技术要求。对污染物排放总量控制监测分析方法的应用、采样及测流等有关技术问题,提出了见解。以1998年污染源调查统计资料为例,提出了污染物排放总量控制监测方案及有关监测质量的保证措施。 相似文献
732.
荧光光谱法在环境监测中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
孙媛媛 《环境监测管理与技术》2000,12(3):12-16
简要综述了荧光光谱在环境监测中近几年的应用。内容包括方法原理、方法的建立,有关荧光体系的研究,以及与其他技术的联用等一些最新进展。指出:荧光光谱法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、试样量少和测定简单等优点,为复杂环境样品中微量元素及痕量物质的分析提价了新手段,与其他手段结合使用,环境分析将具有更加广阔的前景, 相似文献
733.
大气固定污染源低浓度颗粒物采样及分析技术研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
简述了我国现阶段大气固定污染源颗粒物监测中遇到的问题及低浓度颗粒物采样与分析技术研究的必要性,归纳了国外低浓度颗粒物采样分析技术要点,包括大体积采样、滤筒上游采样设备堆积颗粒物的回收、有效称重步骤的确立等,并对我国开展低浓度颗粒物采样及分析技术研究提出了相关建议. 相似文献
734.
河北省火电企业吨煤烟气排放量测定及污染动态预测 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
火电企业大气污染动态预测是大气污染控制的基础。采用现场实测法,对河北省36家火电企业101台机组锅炉进行现场监测,经统计分析给出不同装机容量吨煤烟气排放量,并与其他方法进行了比较,发现实测结果更为合理。在此基础上,建立吨煤SO2、NOx,烟尘排放量和烟气浓度的关系,为火电企业大气污染动态预测提供新的公式,对定量测定火电企业污染物排放提供参考。 相似文献
735.
Qiang Huang Jianzhong Song Ying Zhong Ping’an Peng Weilin Huang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):247-256
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have variously been phased out in agricultural activities, but they are still widely detected in air, water, and soil systems due to their recalcitrant nature in the environment. The purposes of this study were to assess potential OCP pollution via dry and wet deposition over the fast developing Pearl River Delta area with 41,700 km2, where the main effort has been focused on emerging pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and PM2.5. We quantified both the dry and wet deposition fluxes of 19 OCPs including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), endosulfans (Endos), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The results showed that each year about 67.4, 42.0, 15.0, and 8.07 kg of total OCPs, DDTs, Endos, and HCHs were returned to the ground, among which 11.7, 10.4, 0.84, and 0.16 kg were in the dry deposition forms. The large spatial variations in OCP deposition fluxes indicated that OCP pollution in the air is mainly influenced on local scales because evaporation from local soil is likely the major source of the phased out OCPs. Source analysis indicated that DDTs may be still in use as antifouling agent and/or dicofol, but Endos and HCHs were mainly derived from the residual of historical usage. The study suggests that the historical OCP pollutants are persistent at high levels in this area and should not be overlooked, while we tackle emerging pollutants. 相似文献
736.
The effectiveness and risk comparison of EDTA with EGTA in enhancing Cd phytoextraction by Mirabilis jalapa L. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the previous study, Mirabilis jalapa L. had revealed the basic Cd hyperaccumulator characteristics, but the accumulation ability was not as strong as that of other known Cd hyperaccumulators. In order to improve the accumulation ability of this ornamental plant, the chelants were used to activate the Cd in soil. As a substitute, ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) was selected to testify whether it has better effectiveness and can bring lesser metal leaching risk than EDTA. The data showed that the growth of M. jalapa was inhibited, while the Cd concentration of the plant was significantly increased under the treatments containing EDTA or EGTA. The Cd translocation ability under the EGTA treatments was higher than that under the EDTA treatments. The available Cd resulted from the application of chelant EGTA to the contaminated soils can be limited to the top 5 cm, while the application of chelant EDTA to the contaminated soils can be limited to the top 10 cm. In a word, EGTA showed better effectiveness than EDTA in enhancing Cd phytoextraction of M. jalapa. As an ornamental plant, M. jalapa has the potential to be used for phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soils and it can beautify the environment at the same time. 相似文献
737.
738.
Distribution,sources, and ecological risk assessment of SVOCs in surface sediments from Guan River Estuary,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xinran He Xiaojuan Song Yong Pang Yiping Li Binlin Chen Zhihua Feng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(7):4001-4012
The contamination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the surface sediments of the Guan River Estuary, China was fully investigated. Total concentrations of 56 species of SVOCs ranged from 132 to 274 ng/g with an average of 186 ng/g (dry weight). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were positively correlated with clay content and negatively correlated with sediment grain size. Source identification indicated that PAHs originated mainly from pyrolytic sources. However, intense ship traffic in the estuary may provide sources of petrogenic PAHs. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) mainly originated from direct input of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) during some industrial processes. The SVOC concentrations were also compared with International Sediments Quality Guidelines and Sediments Quality Criteria, and the results indicated that negative biological impacts may originate from high concentrations of FLO, p,p′-DDE, and total DDTs. 相似文献
739.
Bioaccumulation of zinc,lead, copper,and cadmium from contaminated sediments by native plant species and Acrida cinerea in South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chang Zhang Na Song Guang-Ming Zeng Min Jiang Jia-Chao Zhang Xin-Jiang Hu An-Wei Chen Jia-Mei Zhen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1735-1745
This research was conducted to search and identify spontaneously growing heavy metal-tolerant plant species that are potentially useful for phytoremediation in contaminated sediment. Five sites were selected for collection of plants growing on polluted shore (river bank) sediment of the Xiang River, China. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in plants, sediments, and grasshoppers were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS700, Perkin-Elmer, USA). Considering translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor, Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae), Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and Lagopsis supina (Labiatae) could be potentially useful for phytostabilization of metals. R. crispus can be considered potentially useful for phytoextraction of Cd. In light of the biomagnification factors, grasshoppers are deconcentrators for Pb and Cd, microconcentrators for Zn and macroconcentrators for Cu to the plants, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd accumulation in R. crispus and L. supina, providing a pioneer contribution to the very small volume of data available on the potential use of native plant species from contaminated sediments in phytostabilization and phytoremediation technologies. 相似文献
740.
以间歇-分阶段进水方式进行了模拟酸雨柱式动态淋溶实验.结果表明,间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵会影响填埋飞灰中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的浸出行为;尤其间歇停滞期后的初期酸雨入侵会增加多数重金属的再浸出水平,且该部分重金属的释放主要源于前阶段酸雨侵蚀过程中所形成的非稳定性(弱酸态)重金属.各酸雨侵蚀阶段,部分重金属(如Pb-Zn)的浸出行为具有相关性,这与各重金属在飞灰基质内的赋存形态、矿物相稳定性及酸性侵蚀程度等有关.各阶段酸雨入侵会相继溶出飞灰中的可溶性(NaCl、KCl等)、难溶性氯盐(CaClOH)以及微溶性钙盐(CaSO4),并增加CaCO3和Ca-Al-Si-O等矿物的峰强.各阶段酸雨入侵会使初始飞灰表面的团簇状结构逐渐被酸性(H+)侵蚀作用破坏,并暴露出大量棒状或条形状CaCO3晶体,且随着酸雨入侵次数的增加,CaCO3也将逐渐被侵蚀破坏.本研究为非连续酸性降雨条件下填埋稳定化飞灰的重金属浸出行为评价及风险管控提供了科学依据. 相似文献