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131.
Seyi Saint Akadiri Andrew Adewale Alola 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10265-10274
The prevailing political atmosphere and partisanship in the United States depict the degree of polarization between the two major political parties of the country. Evidently, the polarization between the Democratic Party (DP) and the Republican Party will expectedly drive the partisan conflict to the higher levels. Considering this motivation, this paper examined the role of partisan conflict in the pollutant emissions in the case of the United States. For sound empirical analysis, the impacts of other environmental quality determinants are being examined over the period 1960–2015. In order to present a decent argument that is viable for policy implementation, the study adopts the combined methodologies of Johansen cointegration; the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) of Pesaran et al. J Am Stat Assoc 94(446):621–634 (1999); and the Toda and Yamamoto J Econ 66(1–2):225–250 (1995) Granger causality. Empirical outcomes show (i) the kg oil equivalent per capita energy consumed exercise positive and significant impacts on metric tons of per capita CO2 emissions, and it is the principal determinant of environmental degradation in both the short-run and the long-run (ii) renewable energy consumption and economic growth also exercise negative and significant impacts on metric tons of per capita CO2 emissions. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude that partisan conflict indirectly plays a significant role in environmental sustainability targets of the United States. Thus, we are of the opinion that the government should avoid heightened partisan conflict among the political parties in order to promote sustainable environmental policies that would enhance sound and clean environment for both the immediate and the future generation. 相似文献
132.
Hagen Koch Ana Lígia Chaves Silva José Roberto Gonçalves de Azevedo Werônica Meira de Souza Johann Köppel Clecio Barbosa Souza Junior Alessandra Maciel de Lima Barros Fred F. Hattermann 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):1927-1942
Many renewable resources for the generation of electricity, such as hydropower and wind power, are dependent on climatic factors. Reservoirs have been created to overcome the stochastic nature of river flows and to make water supply more reliable. However, reservoirs are affecting the ecological status of river ecosystems, e.g., by modifying the flow regime, triggering discussions regarding the discharge of reservoirs. In Brazil’s northeast region, the installed capacity for wind power generation has increased substantially in recent years. Setting up a modeling system for simulating wind power and hydropower generation in this study, it is analyzed whether wind power generation, peaking in the dry season, can help to achieve a more environmentally oriented flow regime in the Sub-middle and Lower São Francisco River Basin. Simulated higher discharges from reservoirs during the rainy season and lower discharges during the dry season, representing a more natural flow regime, will reduce hydropower generation in the dry season. Under recent conditions, the resulting gap in electricity generation can only be partially covered by wind power. A large share needs to be generated by thermal power plants or be imported from other regions in Brazil. The planned future increase in installed wind power capacity can change this picture; the demand for electricity generated by thermal power plants and imported will decrease. Adopting an integrated approach for hydropower and wind power generation, the flow regime in the Sub-middle and Lower São Francisco River Basin can be modified to improve the ecological status of the river system. 相似文献
133.
Prata C Ribeiro A Cunha  Gomes NC Almeida A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(1):64-70
Some health important enteric viruses are considered to be emerging waterborne pathogens and so the improvement of detection of these viruses in the aquatic environment is one of the most important steps in dealing with these pathogens. Since these viruses may be present in low numbers in water, it is necessary to concentrate water samples before viral detection. Although there are several methods to concentrate viruses in environmental waters, all present some drawbacks and consequently the method should be chosen that, despite its limitations, is adequate to achieve the aim of each study. As the effectiveness of the concentration methods is evaluated by determining the efficiency of viral recovery after concentration, it is important to use a simple and effective approach to evaluate their recovery efficiency. In this work ultracentrifugation, usually used as a secondary step for virus concentration, was evaluated as the main method to concentrate directly viruses in environmental water samples, using the microscopic enumeration of virus-like particles (VLP) as a new approach to estimate the efficiency of recovery. As the flocculation method is currently employed to concentrate viruses in environmental waters, it was also used in this study to assess the efficiency of the ultracentrifugation as the main viral concentration method in environmental waters. The results of this study indicate that ultracentrifugation is an adequate approach to concentrate viruses directly from environmental waters (recovery percentages between 66 and 72% in wastewaters and between 66 and 76% in recreational waters) and that the determination of VLP by epifluorescence microscopy is a simple, fast and cheap alternative approach to determine the recovery efficiency of the viral concentration methods. 相似文献
134.
de Melo JG de Amorim EL de Albuquerque UP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,156(1-4):567-580
A majority of the native medicinal plants that are commercialized in Brazil are harvested from natural populations. In addition to this essentially unrestrained collecting, these plants have been heavily impacted by the cutting and the fragmentation of forest formations throughout the country. Considering the limited availability of natural resources, threats to species diversity, and the necessity of conservation efforts in light of the rapid exhaustion of natural ecosystems, it is becoming exceedingly important to establish conservation priorities. The present work sought to identify the native medicinal plants harvested for industrial purposes and to establish conservation priorities for the species of highest commercial value. To that end, a survey of Brazilian industrial products that use medicinal plants was undertaken in 54 shops in the city of Recife (Pernambuco, NE Brazil). The survey noted information concerning the commercial name of the product, its plant composition and pharmaceutical presentation, therapeutic indications, as well as the laboratory that produced it. Only native species were considered. A total of 74 different native species used to produce more than 300 types of products were encountered in the present survey. Twelve species demonstrated significant versatility (Species which had the highest numbers of different therapeutic indications and body systems), and 58.33% of these plants were trees. Destructive collecting predominates (58.11%), greatly affecting taxa collected exclusively from wild populations (86.49%). The intensive use of exclusively wild species and the destructive harvesting techniques employed in gathering them create serious problems that will threaten the availability of these resources to future generations. 相似文献
135.
Ramos Marcio Antonio Gomes Bueno de Oliveira Eduardo Schneider Pião Antonio Carlos Simões Nalin de Oliveira Leite Dilza Aparecida de Franceschi de Angelis Dejanira 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(5):1-14
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment - Due to the concern with the quality of hydric resources, the monitoring is essential to evaluate and identify the anthropogenic and environmental... 相似文献
136.
de Carvalho Gomes F Godoy JM Godoy ML de Carvalho ZL Lopes RT Sanchez-Cabeza JA Osvath I de Lacerda LD 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(9):871-876
Ribeira Bay is located approximately 130 km south of the city of Rio de Janeiro and receives discharges of liquid effluent from the Angra dos Reis nuclear power plant (NPP) site, where two pressurized water reactors are located. To test whether the presence of anthropogenic radionuclides in sediments in Ribeira Bay could be correlated to the NPP operations, we sampled seven sediment cores and determined accumulation rates and chronologies. Only one sediment core did not exhibit a superficial mixing layer; this sample was used for dating purposes. Cesium-137 and 207Bi were observed in this sediment profile, but their presence was associated with atmospheric fall-out rather than the nearby NPP. The exponential decay of 210Pb concentration with sediment layer depth was verified below a superficial mixing layer for all other sediment cores. Calculated accumulation rates ranged from 1.2 mm y−1 in the inner bay to 6.2 mm y−1 close to its entrance. 相似文献
137.
Cíntia Melazo Dias Kristina Stenström Igor Luiz Bacelar Leão Roberto Ventura Santos Iêda Gomes Nícoli Göran Skog Peter Ekström Rosangela da Silveira Corrêa 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Atmospheric air samples were taken within 3 km from power plants encompassing five different distances and wind directions. Samples were taken between 2002 and 2005 aiming to evaluate the environmental 14C enrichment due to the operation of Brazilian nuclear power plants. The sampling system consisted of a pump connected to a trapping column filled with a 3 M NaOH solution. The trapped CO2 was analyzed for 14C by using a single stage accelerator mass spectrometry (SSAMS). 相似文献
138.
Valéria R. F. da Silva Sylvia F. Mitraud Maria L. C. P. Ferraz Eduardo H. S. M. Lima Maria Thereza D. Melo Armando J. B. Santos Augusto César C. D. da Silva Jaqueline C. de Castilhos Jamyle A. F. Batista Gustave G. Lopez Frederico Tognin João Carlos Thomé Cecília Baptistotte Berenice M. Gomes da Silva José Henrique Becker Juçara Wanderline Fernanda de Vasconcellos Pegas Gonzalo Róstan Guy Guagni dei Marcovaldi Maria Ângela G. dei Marcovaldi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(6):1541-1558
In the 35 years since its inception, the Brazilian National Program for the Conservation of Marine Turtles (TAMAR) has had great success in protecting the five species of sea turtles that occur in Brazil. It has also contributed significantly to worldwide scientific data and knowledge about these species’ biology, such as life cycles and migration patterns. TAMAR’s conservation strategies have always relied on a variety of environmental education and social inclusion (EESI) activities highly adapted to the socio-environmental evolving contexts of its 25 locations distributed across nine states. Diversity and flexibility are critical to enable timely and effective local responses to existing or potential threats to sea turtles. The intuitive, locally adapted, decentralized, and independent way EESI activities have been carried out have generated positive results in the resolution of specific and evolving local problems through the course of the project. This article brings EESI under the same conceptual framework that underlies its conservation approach by adopting an adaptive threat management framework to organize and qualify its educational and social inclusion interventions according to the main categories of threat addressed by TAMAR. 相似文献
139.
João C.M. Bordado João F.P. Gomes 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):765-768
Abstract This paper describes systematic work undertaken in the field of atmospheric emissions from Portuguese Kraft pulp mills. The study led to the determination of emission factors from stationary sources, which proved to be an important tool for assessing the need for investment in air pollution abatement equipment, specifically for malodorous gases. 相似文献
140.
There is little experience in Portugal with the separate collection of the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, it is relevant to evaluate how this process could economically affect the actual practices of MSW collection in small municipalities. This article simulates the costs of collection by means of a fixed container system and a transfer station, using values from a municipality with a population of 28,000 inhabitants. The main goal of this exercise is to compare the economic effects of three alternative scenarios: (i) the traditional, unsorted collection; (ii) the separate collection of whole biowaste; and (iii) the separate collection of biowaste generated in the major urban communities, while setting aside the other biowaste for home composting. The input data are from 2001, and include waste quantities, travel times, work crew composition, crew time shifts, vehicles, and containers. Calculations of the proposed mathematical method were carried out using the Microsoft Excel software. This study concludes that the global cost for separate collection of biowaste (alternative ii) need not necessarily be higher than the corresponding cost of the traditional, unsorted method of collection (alternative i). Furthermore, the global cost for collection with separated biowaste and home composting (alternative iii) could also be lower than the corresponding cost of the traditional, unsorted method of collection. 相似文献