Combining material characterization with single and multi-oxyanion adsorption for mechanistic study of chromate removal by cationic hydrogel

Cationic hydrogel with magnetic property was synthesized via radical polymerization and its removal capacity of chromate from contaminated water was found to be 200 mg/g. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study, the mechanism of chromate removal by hydrogel was found to be non-specific adsorption, mainly due to ion exchange, as evidenced by the positively charged functional group, trimethyl ammonium –N+(CH3)3; in the monomer. Verifications were accordingly determined by testing different oxyanion adsorption onto the hydrogel. The results of the chromate adsorption experiments illustrated that the amount of chromate adsorbed was nearly equal to that of the chloride released from the hydrogel, which is part of the evidence for ion exchange. Single and multi-oxyanion adsorption experiments were also performed, and it was demonstrated that ion removal was species independent, but charge dependent, another characteristic of the ion exchange process. It was found that the same Langmuir model can be applied to best fit the findings of single and multi-oxyanion adsorption, which further indicates the mechanism of chromate removal is attributed to ion exchange. In view of the above, the background anions compete for adsorption sites with chromate, evidenced by inhibitive chromate removal in the presence of background electrolytes in the batch studies, further echoing the ion exchange mechanism.     

珠江三角洲秋季臭氧干沉降特征的数值模拟

利用区域化学传输模式WRF-Chem对2014年10月珠江三角洲臭氧干沉降特征进行模拟,结果表明：臭氧干沉降通量呈现明显的时空分布差异,日间平均沉降通量[0.68μg/（m²·s）]明显大于夜间[0.21μg/（m²·s）];同时,珠江三角洲城区的臭氧沉降通量及日较差均比周边植被覆盖区小.受NO_x和VOCs等前体物以及各气象要素场的综合影响,臭氧浓度日变化具有明显的单峰型分布特征,在14：00~15：00达到峰值,秋季臭氧浓度高值区位于珠江三角洲主要排放源下风向区域的广佛交界、江门及中山东部等地区;臭氧的干沉降速率也具有明显的时空变化特征：从07：00~08：00的0.27cm/s开始迅速增大,10：00~16：00基本保持在0.60cm/s左右,17：00开始平缓减小至午夜的0.21cm/s左右;干沉降速率的变化主要受空气动力学阻抗R_a、粘性副层阻抗R_b以及表面阻抗R_c影响,研究表明夜间的干沉降速率主要受R_a影响,而日间R_c起主要作用.这3种阻抗分别受大气稳定度、摩擦速度和下垫面土地利用类型影响,在珠江三角洲区域亦表现出明显的时空变化特征.     

Economic impacts of storm surge and the cost-benefit analysis of a coastal spine as the surge mitigation strategy in Houston-Galveston area in the USA

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Rapid population growth, urbanization, and concentration of valuable assets and strategic infrastructure in coastal regions make coastal...     

Synergistic effect of N- and F-codoping on the structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO2

Three types of TiO₂ nanostructures were synthesized via a facile hydrolysis method at 195 °C. Effects of the preparation method and doping with N and F on the crystal structure and photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ were investigated. The nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller porosimetry, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and fluorescent emission spectra. Their photo-catalytic activity was examined by the photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under both ultra-violet and visible light irradiation. The results show that nitrogen and fluorine co-doped anatase TiO₂ had the characteristics of a smaller crystalline size, broader light absorption spectrum and lower charge recombination than pure TiO₂. Most importantly, more efficient photocatalytic activity under both ultra-violet and visible light was observed. The obtained N–F-TiO₂ nanomaterial shows considerable potential for water treatment under sunlight irradiation.     

藻类爆发危害及其控制技术研究进展

在简要介绍国内外富营养化现状的基础上,阐述了水域中藻类爆发及伴随藻毒素带来的各种危害;分别对水源水控藻除藻技术(限制营养盐控藻、直接除藻灭藻、生物技术与生态工程)和水厂水中控藻除藻技术(预氧化、混凝沉淀、膜滤、直接过滤、气浮、联合处理工艺)的国内外研究现状和应用动态进行了全面评述;指出了各种工艺技术中存在的问题。为今后实现含藻水的标本兼治及有效控藻除藻提供技术借鉴。     

新近纪以来青海南山的隆起高度:再论青海南山的隆起

新生代以来青海南山的隆起过程研究对解析青海湖—共和盆地地区盆地分异演化、现代地貌特征的形成等关乎青藏高原东北部生长的过程与形式等问题,具有重要的指示意义,而且隆起高度的研究为确定古青海湖盆地的范围及其演化过程,提供地质学证据。通过青海南山南侧新生代野外地质调查,发现共和盆地西北部那头沟剖面新近纪地层厚度超过2270 m,记录了新近纪以来盆地沉积环境变化及沉积地层构造变形特征。依据地层变形形态及碎屑特征,可划分为生长地层和生长前地层。根据生长前地层变形形态及厚度估算,获得晚上新世以来青海南山的隆起高度在1601~1922 m(生长前地层865 m,倾角变化为57°~63°)。从剖面起点,沿地层倾向线反方向到青海南山顶部的最大高差为1070 m左右,所以,青海南山大部分地区在隆起之前可能低于现在共和盆地底部和青海湖湖面高度。表明,青海南山隆起之前青海湖盆地和共和盆地可能为统一的"古青海湖"盆地。     

Greenhouse gas dynamics in an urbanized river system: influence of water quality and land use

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rivers act as a natural source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, anthropogenic activities can largely alter the chemical composition and microbial...     

基于MODIS时序NDVI主要农作物种植信息提取研究

农业在黄河三角洲地区占有重要地位,及时、准确地掌握该地区农作物分布信息对政府有关部门制定农业政策、指导农业生产具有十分重要的意义。时序植被指数能够反映农作物物候特征,帮助识别农作物类型,在农作物种植信息提取方面具有明显优势。论文选取2014年MOD09Q1时序遥感数据集,以黄河三角洲主要农作物为研究对象,利用Harmonic Analysis of NDVI Time-Series（Hants）滤波重构NDVI时序曲线,通过对比待分像元NDVI时序曲线与参考时序曲线的相似性,实现农作物种植信息提取。对分类结果进行面积统计和空间分布精度检验：冬小麦、棉花、玉米的面积提取精度分别达到96.8%、95.5%、85.1%,空间匹配总体精度达86.9%。结果表明该方法有效可行,能够为该地区农业监测提供技术基础。     

Johnson-Ettinger蒸气入侵风险评估模型参数修正研究

Johnson-Ettinger蒸气入侵模型(J-E模型)作为目前应用最广泛的评价蒸气入侵潜在风险的筛选工具,其模型预测结果的准确性影响蒸气入侵风险的判断。通过对J-E模型进行敏感性分析,发现对其预测结果影响较大的参数依次为土壤毛细管层含水率、空气交换指数、封闭空间的体积以及毛细管层的厚度。基于以上分析结果,提出采用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的饱和含水率对毛细管层含水率进行修正,毛细管层厚度采用VG方程描述的水分特征曲线拐点处的毛细管压头进行修正。修正后的J-E模型预测结果与三维数值模拟的计算结果较为吻合,两者的差距不到1个数量级。     

热喷涂高铝含量Zn-Al合金涂层热带岛礁大气环境腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究Zn-Al合金涂层在热带海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,为低合金钢长效防护涂层的选用提供依据。方法 采用电弧热喷涂和高铝合金丝制备高铝含量Zn-Al合金涂层,通过户外暴露试验,采用目视、扫描电镜及能谱仪、金相显微镜、XRD、电化学交流阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线等方法,对不同暴露周期的涂层宏观、微观表面形貌、成分组成、截面形貌、腐蚀产物组成、电化学性能和腐蚀速率等进行观察、测试。结果Zn-Al合金涂层是以质量比为50%:50%的Zn/Al合金组成。在0～540 d周期内,涂层腐蚀产物主要由碱式锌铝碳酸盐化合物Zn₆Al₂(OH)₁₆CO₃·H₂O和羟基锌铝碳酸盐化合物Zn_0.70Al_0.30(OH)₂(CO₃)_0.15·x H₂O、Zn_0.71Al_0.29(OH)₂(CO_3<...