植被下垫面Z0的估算及其改进影响评估

利用卫星遥感反演数据和多种观测资料,基于形态学-遥感反演的方法,估算我国主要植被下垫面的空气动力学粗糙度长度(Z₀),将其应用于区域大气化学模式(WRF-Chem)中改进模式默认Z₀值,并结合全国气象和污染物观测数据进行改进效果评估,探究Z₀改进对模式气象场和化学场模拟结果的影响.结果表明:(1)Z₀高值主要位于森林类下垫面,可超过1m;农田、草地类下垫面Z₀值较小,低于0.5m,其余植被下垫面的Z₀值基本介于两者之间.(2)Z₀改进后,10m风速(WS10)和地表温度(TSK)的改进效果较好,而2m温度(T2)和相对湿度(RH)的改进效果不明显;从空间分布和不同下垫面结果来看,Z₀对TSK主要是增温作用,对WS10是减小作用;就改进比(各要素改进后的模拟值与改进前的模拟值之差比上改进前的模拟值,下同)而言,Z₀改进对WS10的影响大于TSK.从对污染物浓度效果评估看,Z₀对PM_2.5和PM₁₀模拟改进效果较好,对其它污染物(SO₂、NO₂、O₃)的改进效果不明显.(3)对比气象要素和污染物浓度效果评估可知,Z₀改进对气象要素的影响大于污染物浓度,其主要是通过影响气象场来间接影响污染物浓度.总的来看,Z₀改进影响最大的是气象场的10m风速,考虑其原因在于改进后的Z₀普遍高于改进前模式默认Z₀值,而Z₀是表征地表粗糙度的变量,由于地表粗糙度的增加,增强了对气流的阻碍作用,使得近地层风速减小.     

Simple dehydration technique using drainage string to treat drinking water sludge for utilization as geomaterial

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The utilization of drinking water sludge (DWS) as geomaterial is important to reduce its volume that needs to be disposed of and to increase...     

Electric vehicle routing models and solution algorithms in logistics distribution: A systematic review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the development of green logistics and the promotion of new energy vehicle development policies domestically and abroad, electric vehicles have...     

Systematic study on the relationship between particulate matter and microbial counts in hospital operating rooms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a systematic procedure for establishing the relationship between particulate matter (PM) and microbial counts in four operating rooms...     

Linking land degradation and restoration to ecosystem services balance by identifying landscape drivers: insights from the globally largest loess deposit area

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land degradation is one of the most serious environmental challenges that profoundly affects ecosystem services (ESs), which further threaten...     

The relationship between staple food crops consumption and its impact on total factor productivity: does green economy matter?

The agriculture sector is a key driver of economic growth and provides employment opportunities across the globe generally. However, in today’s world, agricultural product demand is more influenced by taste, prices, and nutritional value due to climatic variation. The study has analyzed the current situation grain productivity by using the data of farm inputs and major grain crops of Pakistan from (1960–2020). The study consists of a two-stage analysis in the first stage, the total factor productivity (TFP) variable is obtained by using the parametric Tornqvisit-Theil index output-input-aggregation method separately for each crop; rice, maize, and wheat. After that, the unit root test is used to check the stationarity and trend of the variables in the long run. Subsequently, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied to check the existence of cointegration in the long run and short run among the variables. The results of the study disclosed that the consumption of rice has a positive relationship with its total factor productivity, but, wheat and maize have a negative long-run cointegration relationship with the respective productivities. The study results have shown that the consumption pattern of staple crops has substantially changed, due to climatic variation, and the current food consumption trend is revealing new dimensions and trends owing to variation in climate change and anthropogenic pressure which demands to adapt climate resilient farm practices.

     

Photocatalytic degradation of lomefloxacin antibiotics using hydrothermally synthesized magnesium titanate under visible light-driven energy sources

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Antibiotics in water system pose a human health risk due to the rise of antibacterial activity in the environmental web. Advanced oxidation processes...     

Johnson-Ettinger蒸气入侵风险评估模型参数修正研究

Johnson-Ettinger蒸气入侵模型(J-E模型)作为目前应用最广泛的评价蒸气入侵潜在风险的筛选工具，其模型预测结果的准确性影响蒸气入侵风险的判断。通过对J-E模型进行敏感性分析，发现对其预测结果影响较大的参数依次为土壤毛细管层含水率、空气交换指数、封闭空间的体积以及毛细管层的厚度。基于以上分析结果，提出采用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的饱和含水率对毛细管层含水率进行修正，毛细管层厚度采用VG方程描述的水分特征曲线拐点处的毛细管压头进行修正。修正后的J-E模型预测结果与三维数值模拟的计算结果较为吻合，两者的差距不到1个数量级。