We present the diurnal and seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi, India. Ambient NH3, NO and
NO2 were measured continuously during winter, summer and autumn seasons using NH3- and NOx-analyzer, which operates by
chemiluminescence method with a higher estimation e ciency (> 90%) than the chemical trap method (reproducibility 4.7%).
Prominent diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal variations of ambient mixing ratio of NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 were observed during
the study period. Seasonal variation with higher mixing ratio in winter was observed for all measured trace gases except NO. Day-night
variation of all measured trace gases observed was higher in winter in comparison with summer. Late morning increase in NO2 mixing
ratio might be attributed to conversion of NO to NO2 with the interaction of O3. 相似文献
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Fluoride contamination in groundwaters of a rural region in semi-arid Western India has been studied using combination of geochemical-and-isotopic... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plant species sustaining under a polluted environment for a long time are considered as potentially resistant species. Those plant species can be... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work emphasizes the development of a generic methodology that addresses the core issue of any running chemical plant, i.e., how to... 相似文献
Frying affects the nutritional quality of fish detrimentally. In this study, using Catla catla and mustard oil, experiments were carried out in varying temperatures (140–240 °C), times (5–20 min), and oil amounts (25–100 ml/kg of fish) which established drastic reduction of 44.97% and 99.40% for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) and index of atherogenicity (IA) profile, respectively. Artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented successfully to provide an association between the independent inputs with dependent outputs (values of R2 were 0.99 and 0.98; RMSE were 0.038 and 0.046; and performance were 0.038 and 0.067 for PUFA/SFA and IA, respectively) by exhaustive search of various algorithms and activation functions available in literature. ANN model–based meta-heuristic, stochastic optimization formalisms, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were applied to optimize the combination of cooking parameters for improving the nutritional quality of food which improved the nutritional value by maximizing the PUFA/SFA profile up to 63.05% and minimizing the IA profile to 99.64%. Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was also employed to tune the inputs by maintaining a balance between the contrasting outputs and enhance the overall food value simultaneously with multi-objective (beneficial for health, economic, and environment-friendly) proposal. MOGA was able to improve the PUFA/SFA profile up to 44.76% and reduce the IA profile to 92.94% concurrently with the reduction of wastage of culinary media and energy consumption, following the optimized cooking condition (118.92 °C, 6.06 min, 40 ml oil/kg of fish).
The present study has tried to develop ecological insecurity model (EIM) in the growing stone quarrying and crushing dominated areas using robust machine learning techniques and attempted to link it with ecosystem service value (ESV). Satellite image-based landscape metrics have been used for developing machine learning-oriented EIM, and the global coefficient of Costanza et al. (Glob Environ Change 26:152–158, 2014) has been used for computing ESV. Field parameter-based ecological insecurity index (EII) has been developed for validating the EIMs along with the statistical methods. Applied Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) revealed that 21.88 to 60.79% area has predicted as highly ecologically insecure in all the selected four stone quarrying and crushing dominated clusters and this is has inflated from 2000 to 2020. All the applied models are acceptable in terms of their performances, but the RF model is found to be the best representative in relation to EII. It causes considerable loss of ESV which ranges from 160,845.18 US$ to 757,445.17 US$ in all the clusters from 2000 to 2020. The findings of the study are useful for ecological management in this area. It further recommends applying such an approach in such similar fields to establish the general finding and provides knowledge to the state of arts.