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171.
Acker CI Souza AC Dos Santos MP Mazzanti CM Nogueira CW 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3481-3490
Purpose
In this study, we investigated the effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] on chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced hepatic and hematologic toxicity in rats.Methods
Rats were pre-treated with (PhSe)2 (5?mg/kg) via the oral route (oral gavage) once a day for 7?days. On the eighth and ninth days, rats were treated with (PhSe)2 (5?mg/kg) 30?min prior to CPF (50?mg/kg, by subcutaneous route). The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were determined in plasma of rats. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and non-protein thiol levels as well as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and gluthatione S-transferase activities were determined in livers of rats. Hematological parameters were also determined.Results
The results showed that CPF caused hepatic oxidative damage, as demonstrated by an increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels which was associated with a decrease in antioxidant defenses. CPF exposure caused a reduction in the leukocyte, indicating hematologic toxicity. (PhSe)2 was effective in attenuating these toxic effects caused by CPF exposure in rats.Conclusions
The results indicated that (PhSe)2 was effective in protecting the hepatic and hematologic toxicity induced by acute CPF exposure in rats. 相似文献172.
E. Manuela Garrido Marcos Santos Paulo Silva Fernando Cagide Jorge Garrido Fernanda Borges 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(9):869-875
The chlorophenoxy herbicide MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid), widely used for the control of broad-leaf weeds primarily in cereal and grass seed crops, still remains one of the most often used herbicides in Portugal. As the formation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins can improve its solubility properties, the interaction between the herbicide MCPA and β-cyclodextrin was investigated. The stability constants describing the extent of formation of the complexes have been determined by phase-solubility studies. Different analytical techniques [ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR)] were employed for a thorough investigation of the structural characteristics of the obtained complexes, which exhibited distinct features and properties from both “guest” and “host” molecules. FTIR and 1H NMR data obtained for the MCPA/β-CD complexes gave information about the interaction between MCPA and the nonpolar cyclodextrin cavity. The dramatic change observed in band frequency and proton displacements of OCH2 group and H6 aromatic proton confirmed the inclusion of MCPA in β-CD. The formation of an inclusion complex between MCPA and β-CD increased the aqueous solubility of this herbicide which could be a particularly advantageous property for some specific applications, namely to improve commercial formulation and for environmental protection. 相似文献
173.
Luiz Eduardo Nochi Castro João Victor Furlan Santos Kátia Cristina Fagnani Helton José Alves Leda Maria Saragiotto Colpini 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(9):791-800
AbstractSugarcane vinasse is a by-product obtained during ethanol production in sugar-ethanol plants. For each 1?L of ethanol produced approximately 11?L of vinasse are generated. As this residue is obtained in high amounts, it is used as fertilizer in sugarcane crops. However, despite being rich in nutrients, sugarcane vinasse is approximately one hundred times more polluting than domestic sewage, making it an environmental problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to propose a treatment sequence for sugarcane vinasse and evaluate the possibility of energetic use of the generated sludge in the coagulation/flocculation stage. pH, conductivity, turbidity and decreases in UV/Vis absorption spectra were determined for each treatment step. In addition, the upper calorific value of the generated sludge was also determined, while ash (adsorption treatment) and catalyst (heterogeneous photocatalysis) characterizations were also carried out. At the end of the treatment, initial vinasse turbidity was reduced by 100% and pH and conductivity values were stabilized. The sludge presented a higher calorific value of approximately 3,000?kcal kg?1 and the ash and catalyst displayed favorable characteristics to be applied to the sugarcane vinasse treatment stages. 相似文献
174.
Martín-Mata J. Lahoz-Ramos C. Bustamante M. A. Marhuenda-Egea F. C. Moral R. Santos A. Sáez J. A. Bernal M. P. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(17):17357-17369
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, different analytical techniques (thermal analysis, 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and Fourier transform... 相似文献
175.
Fernando Pardo Juana M. Rosas Aurora Santos Arturo Romero 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12198-12207
A soil contaminated with a B20 biodiesel blend (20 % biodiesel, 80 % diesel) has been treated by modified Fenton process with or without chelant addition. All experiments were conducted without pH adjustment. The reagents used were as follows: hydrogen peroxide as oxidant (400–4,000 mmol L?1), ferric ion as catalyst (5–20 mmol L?1), and trisodium citrate (50 mmol L?1) as chelating agent. Soil was spiked at two different pollutant concentrations (1,000–10,000 mg diesel kg?1 soil). Higher total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal efficiencies were obtained (up to 75 %) after the treatment in the absence of the chelant due to the low pH obtained in this case. In the presence of chelant, the TPH conversion obtained was lower because both higher pH is obtained and chelant competes with diesel for the oxidant. On the other hand, at neutral pH, the lifetime of the oxidant was increased. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are easier to remove than diesel aliphatic hydrocarbons from the blend. An important decrease of the aqueous phase toxicity was observed after the modified Fenton reaction, supporting that nontoxic by-products were released to the aqueous phase during the treatment. 相似文献
176.
B. S. Sant’Anna D. M. Santos M. R. R. Marchi F. J. Zara A. Turra 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6516-6524
Butyltin (BT) contamination was evaluated in hermit crabs from 25 estuaries and in sediments from 13 of these estuaries along about 2,000 km of the Brazilian coast. BT contamination in hermit crabs ranged from 2.22 to 1,746 ng Sn g-1 of DBT and 1.32 to 318 ng Sn g-1 of TBT. In sediment samples, the concentration also varied widely, from 25 to 1,304 ng Sn g-1 of MBT, from 7 to 158 ng Sn g-1 of DBT, and from 8 to 565 ng Sn g-1 of TBT. BTs are still being found in surface sediments and biota of the estuaries after the international and Brazilian bans, showing heterogeneous distribution among and within estuaries. Although hermit crabs were previously tested as an indicator of recent BT contamination, the results indicate the presence of contamination, probably from resuspension of BTs from deeper water of the estuary. Figure
Contamination of the environment and biota continues after the ban 相似文献
177.
178.
179.
Maria Aparecida Macêdo Silva Gilmara Fernandes Eça Danielle Felix Santos Alonso Góes Guimarães Michelle Coêlho Lima Marcelo Friederichs Landim de Souza 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):5387-5399
Sampling was conducted monthly during a transition period between the dry and rainy seasons in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) in eutrophication control. STP effluent and fluvial input data were also estimated. In the dry period, high concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll a (up to 360 μg?L?1), and anoxia in bottom waters were observed in the upper portion of the estuary. Nitrate was scarce during the dry months, although high concentrations were observed at the river sources and the upper estuary. The N:P and Si:P molar ratios were usually below 16:1, and the Si:N ratio was higher than 1:1. The fluvial inputs were a greater source of nutrients to the estuary than the STP, but nutrient loading by these effluents were also important in contributing to the eutrophication of the upper estuarine zone, especially in the dry season when symptoms were more intense. 相似文献
180.
Galante-Oliveira S Oliveira I Santos JA Pereira Mde L Pacheco M Barroso CM 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2010,12(5):1055-1063
Nucella lapillus (L.) is a marine gastropod mollusc widely used as a bioindicator of TBT pollution in the North Atlantic coastlines. The species reproductive cycle and the male penis length seasonal/spatial variation were studied at a single site at Aveiro seashore (NW Portugal) between December 2005 and June 2007. The main objective of this work is to assess if the "Relative Penis Size Index" (RPSI)--an important imposex assessment index--varies seasonally and spatially in the same sampling site and how this can affect results obtained in imposex monitoring programmes. Animals able to reproduce were found every month but a seasonal pattern in N. lapillus reproductive cycle was evident. Female gametogenic maturation varied seasonally and a decrease in capsule gland volume and condition factor occurred in late summer/early autumn. The gametogenesis in males did not show a significant seasonal variation as in females but the condition factor, penis length, amount of sperm and prostate volume also diminished in late summer/early autumn. On the other hand, males that were close to egg capsules clusters had larger penises than those far away from clusters. The temporal and spatial male penis length variation introduces a bias on imposex assessment results when using RPSI and the magnitude of the error involved is evaluated for different TBT pollution levels scenarios. We consider that RPSI provides interesting and complementary information that should not be excluded from monitoring programmes, but temporal or spatial comparisons of imposex should be based on other more reliable imposex indices like the VDSI. 相似文献