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531.
Gasmi Salim Rouabhi Rachid Kebieche Mohamed Boussekine Samira Salmi Aya Toualbia Nadjiba Taib Chahinez Bouteraa Zina Chenikher Hajer Henine Sara Djabri Belgacem 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(19):16440-16457
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The present work is to evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by pyrethroid insecticide “Deltamethrin” at 0.32 mg/kg/day in two main... 相似文献
532.
Sara Kristine Gløjmar Berthou Betina Vind Ebbesen 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(3):501-517
This paper is concerned with the ways in which Danish municipalities seek to mitigate climate change through a range of governance strategies. Through the analysis of ten municipal climate plans using the framework of Mitchell Dean, as well as extensive ethnographic fieldwork in two municipalities, this paper explores how local climate change mitigation is shaped by particular rationalities and technologies of government, and thus seeks to illustrate how the strategies set out in the plans construe climate change mitigation from a certain perspective, thereby rendering some solutions more likely than others and recasting citizens as passive consumers who are to be guided to consume in more climate-friendly ways in the process. 相似文献
533.
Carlos M. Monreal Amarpreet Chahal Morris Schnitzer Owen Rowland 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(5):326-339
Little is known about the mixed fungal synthesis of high-value aliphatics derived from the metabolism of simple and complex carbon substrates. Trichoderma koningii and Penicillium janthinellum were fed with undecanoic acid (UDA), potatoe dextrose broth (PDB), and their mixture. Pyrolysis Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Py-FIMS) together with 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) characterized CHCl3 soluble aliphatics in the fungal cell culture. Data from NMR and Py-FIMS analysis were complementary to each other. On average, the mixed fungal species produced mostly fatty acids (28% of total ion intensity, TII) > alkanes (2% of TII) > n-diols (2% of TII) > and alkyl esters (0.8% of TII) when fed with UDA, PDB or UDA+PDB. The cell culture accumulated aliphatics extracellularly, although most of the identified compounds accumulated intracellularly. The mixed fungal culture produced high-value chemicals from the metabolic conversion of simple and complex carbon substrates. 相似文献
534.
Chantel D. Sloan Tyler J. Philipp Rebecca K. Bradshaw Sara Chronister W. Bradford Barber James D. Johnston 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2016,66(1):53-65
Continued development of personal air pollution monitors is rapidly improving government and research capabilities for data collection. In this study, we tested the feasibility of using GPS-enabled personal exposure monitors to collect personal exposure readings and short-term daily PM2.5 measures at 15 fixed locations throughout a community. The goals were to determine the accuracy of fixed-location monitoring for approximating individual exposures compared to a centralized outdoor air pollution monitor, and to test the utility of two different personal monitors, the RTI MicroPEM V3.2 and TSI SidePak AM510. For personal samples, 24-hr mean PM2.5 concentrations were 6.93 μg/m3 (stderr = 0.15) and 8.47 μg/m3 (stderr = 0.10) for the MicroPEM and SidePak, respectively. Based on time–activity patterns from participant journals, exposures were highest while participants were outdoors (MicroPEM = 7.61 µg/m3, stderr = 1.08, SidePak = 11.85 µg/m3, stderr = 0.83) or in restaurants (MicroPEM = 7.48 µg/m3, stderr = 0.39, SidePak = 24.93 µg/m3, stderr = 0.82), and lowest when participants were exercising indoors (MicroPEM = 4.78 µg/m3, stderr = 0.23, SidePak = 5.63 µg/m3, stderr = 0.08). Mean PM2.5 at the 15 fixed locations, as measured by the SidePak, ranged from 4.71 µg/m3 (stderr = 0.23) to 12.38 µg/m3 (stderr = 0.45). By comparison, mean 24-h PM2.5 measured at the centralized outdoor monitor ranged from 2.7 to 6.7 µg/m3 during the study period. The range of average PM2.5 exposure levels estimated for each participant using the interpolated fixed-location data was 2.83 to 19.26 µg/m3 (mean = 8.3, stderr = 1.4). These estimated levels were compared with average exposure from personal samples. The fixed-location monitoring strategy was useful in identifying high air pollution microclimates throughout the county. For 7 of 10 subjects, the fixed-location monitoring strategy more closely approximated individuals’ 24-hr breathing zone exposures than did the centralized outdoor monitor. Highlights are: Individual PM2.5 exposure levels vary extensively by activity, location and time of day; fixed-location sampling more closely approximated individual exposures than a centralized outdoor monitor; and small, personal exposure monitors provide added utility for individuals, researchers, and public health professionals seeking to more accurately identify air pollution microclimates.Implications: Personal air pollution monitoring technology is advancing rapidly. Currently, personal monitors are primarily used in research settings, but could they also support government networks of centralized outdoor monitors? In this study, we found differences in performance and practicality for two personal monitors in different monitoring scenarios. We also found that personal monitors used to collect outdoor area samples were effective at finding pollution microclimates, and more closely approximated actual individual exposure than a central monitor. Though more research is needed, there is strong potential that personal exposure monitors can improve existing monitoring networks. 相似文献
535.
Among policy-makers and governments, there is a broad consensus that artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) needs to be ‘formalized’ – embodied in a standardized legal framework that is registered in and governed by a central state system-, the basic condition being that artisanal miners are given formal property rights. This article aims to contribute to this discussion, drawing on a case study from the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where it is estimated that up to 90 percent of mineral production and export is ‘informal’. After having pointed out some of the theoretical assumptions behind the formalization canon, we study the challenges of formalizing the mining sector in the DRC. Next, we provide an in-depth analysis of one concrete policy measure of the Congolese government, the temporary ban on all artisanal activities. We argue that the mining ban was not only a radical example of a top-down formalization policy, but also an illustration of a bureaucratic and technical measure that compounds but does not address different problems associated with ASM: conflict, informality, poverty, illegality, state control. Looking at the empirical evidence from the DRC, we argue that these kinds of technical solutions can never address the broader socio-economic and political issues at stake. 相似文献
536.
With a particular focus on low income economies in SSA, this paper addresses the nature and determinants of linkages from the commodities sectors and challenges the received view that enclave development is an inherent characteristic of resource extraction, particularly in the hard and energy commodities sectors. It argues that there has been a steady increase in linkage development and that there are significant opportunities for deepening this process. The opportunities may be greater for backward than for forward linkages, particularly in the minerals and energy sectors. In making this case, this Discussion Paper draws on the experience of high income countries which have resource intensive economic structures, the geographical specificity of many resources and the growing interest of large resource extracting firms in outsourcing the production of inputs which are outside of their core competences and in supporting local production of some inputs, it sets out a general model of linkage development which distinguishes between win–win and win–lose outcomes. 相似文献
537.
The rapid development of parks and ecotourism in China has attracted worldwide attention, not only for the beauty of the landscape
that the parks are protecting but also for their abundant and often unique biodiversity. However, in some areas, the development
of ecotourism has actually led to the degradation of local ecological, economic, and social systems. Using National Forest
Parks for demonstration, this article analyzes the current political, institutional, legal, environmental, and economic issues
concerning National Parks in China, and examines their potential future development. Although the intention of National Park
systems in China is to raise environmental quality, and to protect biodiversity and social livelihoods, their success has
varied. Future success will be measured by their capacity to reduce poverty, to promote long-term rehabilitation of wildlife
habitats, and to simultaneously protect Chinese culture and biodiversity. 相似文献
538.
The deposition of chemical pollutants into roadside wetlands from runoff is a current environmental concern. In northern latitudes, a major pollutant in runoff water is salt (NaCl), used as de-icing agents. In this study, 26 roadside ponds were surveyed for amphibian species richness and chloride concentration. Acute toxicity tests (LC50) were performed on five locally common amphibian species using a range of environmentally significant NaCl concentrations. Field surveys indicated that spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) and wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) did not occupy high chloride ponds. American toads (Bufo americanus) showed no pond preference based on chloride concentration. Acute toxicity tests showed spotted salamanders and wood frogs were most sensitive to chloride, and American toads were the least. Spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) and green frogs (Rana clamitans) showed intermediate sensitivities. We concluded that chloride concentrations in ponds due to application of de-icing salts, influenced community structure by excluding salt intolerant species. 相似文献
539.
Development and Climate Change: A Mainstreaming Approach for Assessing Economic,Social, and Environmental Impacts of Adaptation Measures 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The paper introduces the so-called climate change mainstreaming approach, where vulnerability and adaptation measures are
assessed in the context of general development policy objectives. The approach is based on the application of a limited set
of indicators. These indicators are selected as representatives of focal development policy objectives, and a stepwise approach
for addressing climate change impacts, development linkages, and the economic, social and environmental dimensions related
to vulnerability and adaptation are introduced. Within this context it is illustrated using three case studies how development
policy indicators in practice can be used to assess climate change impacts and adaptation measures based on three case studies,
namely a road project in flood prone areas of Mozambique, rainwater harvesting in the agricultural sector in Tanzania and
malaria protection in Tanzania. The conclusions of the paper confirm that climate risks can be reduced at relatively low costs,
but the uncertainty is still remaining about some of the wider development impacts of implementing climate change adaptation
measures. 相似文献
540.
Sara Edge 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2009,52(3):279-295
The quest for sustainable communities might be fostered by a new ‘place-based’ governing approach that engages civil society and other actors in local decision-making processes. In Canada, lessons can be learned from the establishment and maintenance of biosphere reserves by networks of local communities of interests and other organisations. Biosphere reserves are created to promote conservation, biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods. Municipal and public participation in these reserves can be encouraged, promoting a local sense of place as well as sustainable community and regional development. An examination of two Canadian biosphere reserves, Riding Mountain and Long Point, illustrates how local governments and these reserves might assist each other in their mutual goals of long-term sustainability while offering a worthwhile model of local collaborative, place-based governance. 相似文献