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911.
In order to make the judicious use of thiram fungicide and to exploit the potential of agri-polymers, we have developed the starch- poly(acrylamide) and starch-poly(acrylic acid) based agrichemical delivery system (hydrogels) for its controlled and sustained release. Polymeric networks have been prepared by using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N-MBAAm) as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling studies. Release dynamics of thiram fungicide from polymeric matrices has been studied for the evaluation of the diffusion mechanism and diffusion coefficients. It has been established that Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism has occurred for the release of thiram from these polymeric matrices. Furthermore, the initial rate of diffusion of thiram from these polymeric matrices is more as compared to the late stages of diffusion, which is analogous to the trends obtained for the diffusion of water molecules from these polymer matrices. 相似文献
912.
Lakhani A Parmar RS Satsangi GS Prakash S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):435-445
Fog water samples were collected in the months of December and January during 1998–2000 at Agra, India. The samples were analyzed
for pH, major anions (F−, Cl−, SO4
2−, NO3
−, HCOO− and CH3COO−), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and NH4
+ using ion chromatography, ICP-AES and spectrophotometer methods, respectively. pH of fog water samples ranged between 7.0
and 7.6 with a volume weighted mean of 7.2, indicating its alkaline characteristic. NH4
+ contributed 40%, SO4
2− and NO3
− accounted for 28%, while Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ accounted for 16% of the total ionic concentration. The ratios of Mg2+/Ca2+ and Na+/Ca2+ in fog water indicates that 50–75% of fog water samples correspond to the respective ratios in local soil. Significant correlation
between Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ suggests their soil origin. The order of neutralization, NH4
+ (1.4) > Ca2+ (0.28) > Mg2+ (0.12), indicates that NH4
+ is the major neutralizing species. Fog water and atmospheric alkalinity were also computed and were found to be 873 and 903 neqm−3, respectively. Both of these values are higher than values reported from temperate sites and thus indicate that at the present
level of pollutants, there is no risk of acid fog problem. The study also shows that the alkaline nature of fog water is due
to dissolution of ammonia gas and partly due to interaction of fog water with soil derived aerosols. 相似文献
913.
Precipitation Chemistry and Occurrence of Acid Rain Over Dhanbad, Coal City of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh AK Mondal GC Kumar S Singh KK Kamal KP Sinha A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):99-110
The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation over Dhanbad, coal city of India.
The precipitation samples were collected on event basis for three years (July 2003 to October 2005) at Central Mining Research
Institute. The precipitation samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, major anions (F, Cl, NO3, SO4) and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4). The pH value varied from 4.01 to 6.92 (avg. 5.37) indicating acidic to alkaline nature of rainwater. The pH of the rainwater
was found well above the reference pH (5.6), showing alkalinity during the non-monsoon and early phase of monsoon, but during
the late phase of monsoon, pH tendency was towards acidity (<5.6~pH) indicating the non-availability of proper neutralizer
for acidic ions. The observed acidic events at this site were 91, (n = 162) accounting 56% for the entire monitoring months. The (NO3 + Cl)/SO4 ratio in majority of samples was found below 1.0, indicating that the acidity is greatly influenced by SO4. The calculated ratio of (Ca + NH4)/(NO3 + SO4) ranges between 0.42–5.13 (average 1.14), however in most of the samples, the ratio is greater than unity (>1.0) indicating
that Ca and NH4 play an important role in neutralization of acidic ions in rainwater. Ca and SO4 dominate the bulk ionic deposition and these two ions along with NH4 accounts 63% of the annual ionic deposition. 相似文献
914.
915.
Saurabh Swami Raunaq Muzammil Supradip Saha Ahammed Shabeer Dasharath Oulkar Kaushik Banerjee Shashi Bala Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(5):301
Ozonated water dip technique was evaluated for the detoxification of six pesticides, i.e., chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, azoxystrobin, hexaconazole, methyl parathion, and chlorothalonil from apple fruits. Results revealed that ozonation was better than washing alone. Ozonation for 15 min decreased residues of the test pesticides in the range of from 26.91 to 73.58%, while ozonation for 30 min could remove the pesticide residues by 39.39–95.14 % compared to 19.05–72.80 % by washing. Cypermethrin was the least removed pesticide by washing as well as by ozonation. Chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, and azoxystrobin were removed up to 71.45–95.14 % in a 30-min ozonation period. In case of methyl parathion removal, no extra advantage could be obtained by ozonation. The HPLC analysis indicated that ozonation also affected adversely the ascorbic acid and cyanidin-3-glucoside content of apples. However, 11 polyphenols studied showed a mixed trend. Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to decrease while syringic acid, rutin, and resveratrol were found to increase in 30-min ozonation. 相似文献
916.
917.
918.
919.
920.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Indian Forests 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The forestry sector can not only sustain its carbon but also has the potential to absorb carbon from the atmosphere. India has maintained approximately 64 Mha of forest cover for the last decade. The rate of afforestation in India is one of the highest among the tropical countries, currently estimated to be 2 Mha per annum. The annual productivity has increased from 0.7 m3 per hactare in 1985 to 1.37 m3 per hectare in 1995. Increase in annual productivity directly indicates an increase in forest biomass and hence higher carbon sequestration potential. The carbon pool for the Indian forests is estimated to be 2026.72 Mt for the year 1995. Estimates of annual carbon uptake increment suggest that our forests and plantations have been able to remove at least 0.125 Gt of CO2 from the atmosphere in the year 1995. Assuming that the present forest cover in India will sustain itself with a marginal annual increase by 0.5 Mha in area of plantations, we can expect our forests to continue to act as a net carbon sink in future. 相似文献