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201.
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Transdisciplinarity (TD) has become a buzzword, promoted as a suitable approach to address today’s urgent challenges in human-environment interactions. Looking at its practical implementation, however, challenges still remain to be met. Despite the concept’s popularity, it seems difficult to reconcile the idea of knowledge co-production with research realities. Taking a TD research project dealing with sustainable land management in Southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, and Namibia) as a case study, we aim to provide empirically based insights into the real-world application of this collaborative research approach to improve the general understanding of TD research in the making. Based on semi-structured interviews with project partners and stakeholders, we reveal the underlying interests, mismatching institutions and structures of power shaping the TD research process in this North–South collaboration. We identified TD as falling victim to a kind of “tragedy of the commons”, paralysed between existing power structures and conflicting interests, and being considered as extra work instead of an integral task with an inherent value in itself. By demonstrating some of the underlying causes of the challenging practice of TD, we reveal starting points for changes and provide recommendations that aim to set the base for a more reflexive and fruitful TD knowledge co-production. 相似文献
203.
An analysis of the population genetics of the meiofaunal polychaete Petitia amphophthalma Siewing, 1956, in which the RAPD-PCR method was applied to 103 individuals from eight populations, some of them very far
apart (Atlantic: Florida, Tenerife, France; Mediterranean: two Greek islands, Tunisia; Red Sea: Egypt), gave closely reproducible
results. In the band patterns produced with 13 decamer primers, a total of 195 genetic characters was detected. The data were
evaluated by a number of methods, including the cluster programs UPGMA, WPGMA and neighbour-joining. The detected genetic
distances between the populations vary between 58.9 and 66.6, but 97% of the genetic characters, although polymorphic, are
found in at least two populations and usually in all the others as well. Phenograms of the analyses find four population clusters
[Florida, France (Atlantic), the Mediterranean and Tenerife]. They are, however, not completely congruent and show low bootstrap
values at the junction points of the clusters (with the exception of the Tenerife cluster). Mediterranean P. amphophthalma form a cohesive population, although within it the genetic distances are graded in parallel with the geographic distances
between the sites. The colonization of Tenerife, an island of relatively recent volcanic origin, can be taken as evidence
that this meiofaunal species can become dispersed not only along coastlines but also across expanses of open water. However,
the severely restricted variability of these populations implies that in this case a founder effect has operated, and that
transport over open water is not a routine event but extremely rare. The absence of the species on the Australian coast and,
for instance, on the Galapagos Islands indicates that there has been no continuous gene flow across the oceans. The idea that
all the populations investigated belong to one cosmopolitan species is discussed.
Received: 17 October 1997 / Accepted: 15 April 1998 相似文献
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Zhu J Schmidt DR Randall GW Morey RV 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2000,35(5):585-598
The work reported indicates that there could be a potential of ground water pollution by NO3-N from turkey facilities built on both sandy and clay soils. At four different depths (30.54, 61.08, 91.62, and 122.16 cm), the NO3-N levels for the clay soil were 1572, 497, 66, and 28 ppm, and those for the sandy soil were 293, 425, 324, and 164 ppm, respectively. No significant P increases were observed but there did exist a significant increase of K in the topsoil for both clay and sandy turkey structures. The results show that swine hoop houses with less than three or four years of age may not pose a threat to groundwater pollution due to the leaching of nutrients. The only dairy feedlot sampled in this study, although it has been used for more than 20 years, did not show leaching of NO3-N and P. However, it did show a significantly elevated concentration of potassium in the topsoil, as compared to the background sample. More sites should be investigated to verify this. 相似文献
207.
Bastian RK Bachmaier JT Schmidt DW Salomon SN Jones A Chiu WA Setlow LW Wolbarst AB Yu C Goodman J Lenhart T 《Journal of environmental quality》2005,34(1):64-74
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) announced the availability of three new documents concerning radioactive materials in sewage sludge and ash from publicly owned treatment works (POTW). One of the documents is a report presenting the results of a volunteer survey of sewage sludge and ash samples provided by 313 POTWs. The second document is a dose modeling document, using multiple exposure pathway modeling focused on a series of generic scenarios, to track possible exposure of POTW workers and members of the general public to radioactivity from the sewage sludge or ash. The third document is a guidance report providing recommendations on the management of radioactivity in sewage sludge and ash for POTW owners and operators. This paper explains how radioactive materials enter POTWs, provides criteria for evaluating levels of radioactive material in sludge and ash, and gives a summary of the results of the survey and dose modeling efforts. 相似文献
208.
Mohammadi Azam Dobaradaran Sina Schmidt Torsten C. Malakootian Mohammad Spitz Jörg 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(50):75134-75160
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Migration of emerging contaminants (ECs) from pipes into water is a global concern due to potential human health effects. Nevertheless, a review of... 相似文献
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