Airborne and soilborne microfungi in the vicinity Hamitabat Thermic Power Plant in Kirklareli City (Turkey), their seasonal distributions and relations with climatological factors

Soil and air samples of seven different localities around Hamitabat Thermic Power Plant, 10 km far away from Luleburgaz/Kirklareli (Turkey), were taken between the years 2003 and 2004 with seasonal intervals. The samples were brought to the laboratory and their microfungal identifications were done. From the air samples, 737 microfungi colonies were isolated comprising 26 species belonging to eight genera. From soil samples, 170.6 × 10⁴ colony-forming unit (CFU)/g was isolated from 33 species belonging to 16 genera. The most isolated genus from air samples was Alternaria (324 CFU, 43.96%), followed by Cladosporium (208 CFU, 25.52%) and Phoma (44 CFU, 5.40%). Penicillium was the most isolated genus from the soil samples with a value of 560,000 CFU/g (32.8%), followed by Fusarium (226,000 CFU/g, 13.12%) and Aspergillus (154,000 CFU/g, 9.03%). Among these species, Alternaria citri and Alternaria alternata are the most abundant species in air with 164 and 107 CFU, respectively, whereas Fusarium graminearum and Penicillium citrinum are the most abundant species in soil with CFU per gram values of 17.8 × 10⁴ and 1.3 × 10⁵. Correlation analysis was applied to determine whether or not there was a relationship between colony number of isolated fungal genera and meteorological factors. Some parameters of soil samples’ incontent during the research period were calculated using a computer analysis program. From the air samples, a positive correlation was found between relative humidity and Alternaria colonial counts and Cladosporium spore counts (r?=?0.912 and r?=?1.000, respectively). Similarly, with the analysis of soil samples, a positive correlation between colonial counts of Alternaria and soil pH and a positive correlation between colonial counts of Aspergillus and Penicillium and salt percentage concentration of soil were found.     

Comparison of drinking water,raw rice and cooking of rice as arsenic exposure routes in three contrasting areas of West Bengal,India

Remediation aimed at reducing human exposure to groundwater arsenic in West Bengal, one of the regions most impacted by this environmental hazard, are currently largely focussed on reducing arsenic in drinking water. Rice and cooking of rice, however, have also been identified as important or potentially important exposure routes. Quantifying the relative importance of these exposure routes is critically required to inform the prioritisation and selection of remediation strategies. The aim of our study, therefore, was to determine the relative contributions of drinking water, rice and cooking of rice to human exposure in three contrasting areas of West Bengal with different overall levels of exposure to arsenic, viz. high (Bhawangola-I Block, Murshidibad District), moderate (Chakdha Block, Nadia District) and low (Khejuri-I Block, Midnapur District). Arsenic exposure from water was highly variable, median exposures being 0.02 μg/kg/d (Midnapur), 0.77 μg/kg/d (Nadia) and 2.03 μg/kg/d (Murshidabad). In contrast arsenic exposure from cooked rice was relatively uniform, with median exposures being 0.30 μg/kg/d (Midnapur), 0.50 μg/kg/d (Nadia) and 0.84 μg/kg/d (Murshidabad). Cooking rice typically resulted in arsenic exposures of lower magnitude, indeed in Midnapur, median exposure from cooking was slightly negative. Water was the dominant route of exposure in Murshidabad, both water and rice were major exposure routes in Nadia, whereas rice was the dominant exposure route in Midnapur. Notwithstanding the differences in balance of exposure routes, median excess lifetime cancer risk for all the blocks were found to exceed the USEPA regulatory threshold target cancer risk level of 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁶. The difference in balance of exposure routes indicate a difference in balance of remediation approaches in the three districts.     

郑州市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子的污染特征及来源解析

为探究郑州大气细颗粒物PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子(WSIIs)的污染特征、季节变化和来源,有针对性地防治PM_2.5的污染,2020年12月至2021年10月4个不同季节连续采集PM_2.5样品,并结合气态污染物(SO₂、 NO₂和O₃)和气象因素(温度和相对湿度)对9种WSIIs(NO^-₃、 NH⁺₄、 SO₄^2-、 Ca²⁺、 K⁺、 Na⁺、 Mg²⁺、 F^-和Cl^-)进行分析.结果表明,观测期ρ[总水溶性离子(TWSIIs)]年均值为(39.34±21.56)μg·m^-3,呈现出冬季最高、夏季最低的季节变化特征.全年PM_2.5均稍微偏碱性,NH     

贵州省薏苡秸秆处置现状调查分析—以兴仁市为例

贵州省兴仁市是中国最大的薏苡产地,且薏苡是重要杂粮作物,目前薏苡秸秆处置资源化利用程度低.为提高秸秆资源化利用率,对薏苡秸秆组成成分分析,调查秸秆资源化利用现状,分析资源化利用难点并提出建议.结果显示:薏苡秸秆成分中,主要有纤维素(37.47％),半纤维素(22.70％),木质素(13.44％),粗蛋白(8.08％),...     

Community Responses to Government Defunding of Watershed Projects: A Comparative Study in India and the USA

When central governments decentralize natural resource management (NRM), they often retain an interest in the local efforts and provide funding for them. Such outside investments can serve an important role in moving community-based efforts forward. At the same time, they can represent risks to the community if government resources are not stable over time. Our focus in this article is on the effects of withdrawal of government resources from community-based NRM. A critical question is how to build institutional capacity to carry on when the government funding runs out. This study compares institutional survival and coping strategies used by community-based project organizations in two different contexts, India and the United States. Despite higher links to livelihoods, community participation, and private benefits, efforts in the Indian cases exhibited lower survival rates than did those in the U.S. cases. Successful coping strategies in the U.S. context often involved tapping into existing institutions and resources. In the Indian context, successful coping strategies often involved building broad community support for the projects and creatively finding additional funding sources. On the other hand, the lack of local community interest, due to the top-down development approach and sometimes narrow benefit distribution, often challenged organizational survival and project maintenance.     

Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid dimethyl amine salt on dental hard tissue formation in rats

2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid dimethyl amine salt (2,4-D DMA), as one of the phenoxy acids, is used as a herbicide mainly against broad-leaf weeds in cereal crops, sugar cane, and on turf, pasture, and non-crop land. Some formulations of 2,4-D may be contaminated with dioxins. Recently, it has been shown that chlorinated organic compounds, dioxins, and furans are present in mother's milk and may cause developmental defects in children's teeth. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D DMA on odontogenesis in rats. 2,4-D DMA was given orally combined with rat food to pregnant albino rats. Each group consisted of two pregnant rats and, 0 (control, group A), 25 ppm (group B), 50 ppm (group C), and 100 ppm (group D) 2,4-D DMA was given to each pregnant rat as daily intake. 2,4-D DMA affected young rat's dental development and dose-related findings were found in experimental groups. The odontoblast layer was irregular and globular dentin formation was present in Groups B, C, and D but not in the control group. Thickness of enamel decreased in Groups C and D. The results of the study have shown that 2,4-D DMA could disturb dental development in rats even in relatively low doses. It is concluded that environmental contaminants such as chlorinated organic pesticides may play an important role in infant's dental development when taken via mother's milk.     

贵州喀斯特生态旅游可持续发展研究

介绍了贵州喀斯特生态旅游发展的现状，从自然条件和社会条件的角度分析了生态旅游的潜力。论述了可持续发展中存在的主要问题，提出了发展贵州喀斯特生态旅游的构想。     

脱硫粉的粒度评述

阐述了脱硫粉剂粒度组成的内涵，确定粒度配比的必要性和3种粒度配比（曲线）的比较，为正确选用脱硫粉粒度提供基础资料。     

锯屑处理含铬废水的实验研究

本文提出一种利用木材加工剩余物——锯屑,处理含六价铬离子废水的方法.实验表明,锯屑对废水中的六价铬离子有一定的去除作用,得到了锯屑吸附水中六价铬离子的吸附等温线,测定了吸附速度,并对pH值、锯屑用量和六价铬离子初始浓度等因素对吸附过程的影响进行了实验研究.