电絮凝法去除SAGD工艺高温采出水中的硅

采用电絮凝法,以新疆油田蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)工艺高温采出水为研究对象,考察了电流、反应时间、反应温度和初始pH等实际生产中较为可控的工艺条件对电絮凝除硅效果的影响.实验结果表明:在1.0 L的反应器中,反应时间不少于4 min,电流不小于0.8 A,即可达到较好的除硅效果,过大的电流无法提高电絮凝除硅能力;反应...     

Thin-layer fine-sand capping of polluted sediments decreases nutrients in overlying water of Wuhan Donghu Lake in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Capping water body sediments with a thin layer of sand is an effective technique to decrease nutrient concentrations in the water column and...     

长江上游重庆段径流变化归因分析

近年来,受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,长江上游重庆段的年径流量持续减少。首先利用MASH移动窗口滑动平均法分析重庆市长江干流寸滩、北碚和武隆3个主要水文站的径流变化特征,然后运用弹性系数法和回归分析法进行径流模拟,定量评价气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的贡献率。结果表明:(1)与基准期(1961~1990年)相比较,影响评价期(1991~2011年)气候变化和人类活动对3个水文站年径流减少量的贡献率分别约为25.2%~35.2%和64.8%~74.8%。(2)气候变化对月径流量的影响幅度有限,导致7月汛期径流量有一定程度的增加,8~10月的径流量普遍减少;人类活动对月径流量影响明显,导致7月份实际径流量减少,并进一步加剧了8~10月径流量减少的幅度。(3)两种方法都指示人类活动已经成为径流减少的重要原因。定量阐明径流变化的成因有助于科学制定应对措施,协调重庆市以及长江上游水资源开发利用。     

Improved computational model (AQUIFAS) for activated sludge, integrated fixed-film activated sludge, and moving-bed biofilm reactor systems, part II: multilayer biofilm diffusional model

Research was undertaken to develop a diffusional model of the biofilm that can be applied in lieu of a semi-empirical model to upgrade an activated sludge system to an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) or moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system. The model has been developed to operate with up to 12 cells (reactors) in series, with biofilm media incorporated to one or more of the zone cells, except the anaerobic zone cells. The values of the kinetic parameters for the model were measured using pilot-scale activated sludge, IFAS, and MBBR systems. The biofilm is divided into 12 layers and has a stagnant liquid layer. Diffusion and substrate utilization are calculated for each layer. The equations are solved simultaneously using a finite difference technique. The biofilm flux model is then linked to the activated sludge model. Advanced features include the ability to compute the biofilm thickness and the effect of biofilm thickness on performance. The biofilm diffusional model is also used to provide information and create a table of biofilm yields at different substrate concentrations that can be used in the semi-empirical model.     

A simple chemical free arsenic removal method for community water supply - A case study from West Bengal, India

This report describes a simple chemical free method that was successfully used by a team of European and Indian scientists (www.qub.ac.uk/tipot) to remove arsenic (As) from groundwater in a village in West Bengal, India. Six such plants are now in operation and are being used to supply water to the local population (www.insituarsenic.org). The study was conducted in Kasimpore, a village in North 24 Parganas District, approximately 25 km from Kolkata. In all cases, total As in treated water was less than the WHO guideline value of 10 μg L⁻¹. The plant produces no sludge and the operation cost is 1.0 US$ per day for producing 2000 L of potable water.     

Characteristics of volatile compounds removal in biogas slurry of pig manure by ozone oxidation and organic solvents extraction

Biogas slurry is not suitable for liquid fertilizer due to its high amounts of volatile materials being of complicated composition and peculiar smell. In order to remove volatiles from biogas slurry efficiently, the dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to clear the composition of volatiles. Nitrogen stripping and superfluous ozone were also used to remove volatiles from biogas slurry. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of volatile compounds in the biogas slurry, including sulfur compounds, organic amines, benzene, halogen generation of hydrocarbons and alkanes, some of which had strong peculiar smell. The volatile compounds in biogas slurry can be removed with the rate of 53.0% by nitrogen stripping and with rate of 81.7% by the oxidization and stripping of the superfluous ozone. On this basis, the removal rate of the volatile compounds reached 99.2% by chloroform and n-hexane extraction, and almost all of odor was eliminated. The contents of some dissolved organic compounds decreased obviously and however main plant nutrients had no significant change in the biogas slurry after being treated.     

人工补水条件下的缺水河流生态修复综合评价方法

构建了人工补水条件下的缺水河流生态修复多目标综合评价指标体系,对生态修复中影响评价指标量化结果的因素进行了综合考虑,提出了包含主、客观因子并反映层次关系的综合权重确定方法,进而建立了一种人工补水条件下的缺水河流生态修复综合评价方法,以更好地解决多目标决策中的总目标量化问题.最后,以正在建设的永定河生态修复工程为例,通过构建典型的生态修复情景方案,对建立的评价指标体系进行应用,确定各评价指标的综合权重系数,并对构建的情景决策方案进行了综合评估,验证本文提出的评价指标权重综合调整的必要性,说明构建的人工补水条件下的缺水河流生态修复综合评价方法的合理性与可行性.结果表明,所提出的评价方法不仅对人工补水条件下的河流生态修复决策具有一定的实用价值,而且对其它类型生态修复多目标综合决策评价也具有借鉴意义.     

Bi与rGO共修饰SnO2光催化高效降解TCH和染料研究

通过简单水热法制备新型铋金属(Bi)与还原氧化石墨烯(r GO)共修饰SnO2三元光催化剂,并采用多种手段对其进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)和四环素(TCH)为目标污染物,考察三元材料对污染物的光催化降解性能。结果表明,在可见光条件下,复合光催化材料对四环素去除率为94. 1%(60 min),对亚甲基蓝去除率为75. 5%(120 min),降解效果显著好于纯SnO2与二元催化剂Bi-SnO2。光致发光光谱(PL)、瞬态光电流响应和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)结果表明,复合材料中电子转移及分离效率的提升显著提高了自由基的产生及光催化效率。阐述了铋金属、还原氧化石墨烯和二氧化锡中间的协同效应,并基于自由基掩蔽试验和电子自旋共振谱(ESR)提出了光催化机制。     

农药降解方程y=ae~(-kt)参数估计的一种方法

农药降解方程ｙ＝ａｅ－ｋｔ参数估计的一种方法王增辉王蕴波窦森贾红震（吉林农业大学基础科学系，长春１３０１１８）关键词降解方程，参数估计．１前言在农药的降解规律研究中，一般都认为，农药在土壤中、植物上的消失，可用一级反应动力学公式来表示［１］，即在不考...