纳米氧化锌粒径对人工湿地性能及微生物群落的影响

纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)具有较小的粒径(1～100 nm),其生物毒性与粒径的大小紧密相关.在进水COD约200. 0 mg·L~(-1),NH_4~+-N约12. 5 mg·L~(-1)和溶解性总磷约4. 0 mg·L~(-1)的条件下连续运行28 d,研究了3种不同粒径的纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)对水平潜流人工湿地微生物群落结构和多样性的影响,同时结合湿地脱氮性能的变化,探讨了湿地中微生物群落结构和多样性与其处理性能的相互关系.结果表明,3种粒径(15、50和90 nm)的ZnO NPs(10 mg·L~(-1))对COD的去除无明显差异,而对脱氮则表现出明显的粒径效应.高通量测序发现,人工湿地系统中硝化菌属的丰度明显低于反硝化菌属,硝化过程是制约湿地脱氮性能的关键因素.暴露于不同粒径的ZnO NPs后,微生物群落结构发生不同程度的变化,与较大粒径(50 nm和90 nm)的ZnO NPs相比,15 nm的ZnO NPs对硝化菌属的抑制更为显著.     

Start-up of the anammox process from the conventional activated sludge in a hybrid bioreactor

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process was successfully started up from conventional activated sludge using a hybrid bioreactor within 2 months. The average removal efficiencies of ammonia and nitrite were both over 80%, and the maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 1.85 kg N/(m³.day) was obtained on day 362 with the initial sludge concentration of 0.7 g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)/L. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation of the granular sludge in the hybrid reactor clearly showed a high degree of compactness and cell sphericity, and the cell size was quite uniform. Transmission electron microscope photos showed that cells were round or oval, the cellular diameter was 0.6--1.0 μupm, and the percentage of the anammoxosome compartment was 51%--85% of the whole cell volume. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) indicated that anammox bacteria became the dominant population in the community (accounting for more than 51% of total bacteria on day 250). Seven planctomycete 16S rRNA gene sequences were present in the 16S rRNA gene clone library generated from the biomass and affiliated to Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia sp., a new anammox species. In addition, the average effluent suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations of outlets I (above the non-woven carrier) and II (below the non-woven carrier) were 0.0009 and 0.0035 g/L, respectively. This showed that the non-woven carrier could catch the biomass effectively, which increased biomass and improved the nitrogen removal rate in the reactor.     

2016年1月京津冀地区大气污染特征与多尺度传输量化评估

基于大气环境监测数据和WRF-CAMx模式,分析了 2016年1月京津冀城市的大气污染特征,开展了 PM2.5跨界传输量化评估研究.结果表明,2016年1月京津冀地区PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO的平均浓度分别为89.5μg·m-3、135.61μg·m-3、57.55 μg·m-3、60.79 μg·m-...     

Characteristics of volatile compounds removal in biogas slurry of pig manure by ozone oxidation and organic solvents extraction

Biogas slurry is not suitable for liquid fertilizer due to its high amounts of volatile materials being of complicated composition and peculiar smell. In order to remove volatiles from biogas slurry efficiently, the dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to clear the composition of volatiles. Nitrogen stripping and superfluous ozone were also used to remove volatiles from biogas slurry. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of volatile compounds in the biogas slurry, including sulfur compounds, organic amines, benzene, halogen generation of hydrocarbons and alkanes, some of which had strong peculiar smell. The volatile compounds in biogas slurry can be removed with the rate of 53.0% by nitrogen stripping and with rate of 81.7% by the oxidization and stripping of the superfluous ozone. On this basis, the removal rate of the volatile compounds reached 99.2% by chloroform and n-hexane extraction, and almost all of odor was eliminated. The contents of some dissolved organic compounds decreased obviously and however main plant nutrients had no significant change in the biogas slurry after being treated.     

鸡粪堆肥处理对重金属形态的影响

选用鸡粪和玉米秸秆作为堆肥原料,进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了堆肥处理对鸡粪中重金属形态的影响.结果表明,堆肥过程中,堆料的总质量下降,重金属含量相对增加,但绝对量变化不明显,因此堆肥处理并不能减少堆肥体系中重金属的绝对量.但对重金属形态有一定的影响,Ni、Cd的铁锰氧化物结合态比例提高了5.0%～8.7%;Cu的有机结合态比例增加达到14.1%～19.1%,Cr的有机结合态比例增加达到22.0%～28.7%;Hg、Pb、As、Zn的残渣态比例均有不同程度提高.Hg、Pb、Cr、As、Cu和Zn等6种元素的稳定形态比例均有所上升,其中Cu的上升幅度最大,最高达到10.9%,说明堆肥处理能够降低重金属的生物活性和毒性.所添加的复合菌剂对鸡粪中重金属形态未有显著影响.     

Correction to: Method development,validation, monitoring,seasonal effect and risk assessment of multiclass multi pesticide residues in surface and ground water of new alluvial zone in eastern India

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

黄土高填方地基上部建筑施建控制标准研究∗

黄土高填方地基上部建筑的工后沉降及施建时间问题是目前研究的热点。以某黄土沟壑区新区建设中的高填方工程为背景，基于试验段工后沉降监测结果，运用 MIDAS/GTS‐NX 数值反演分析方法来获取填方土体蠕变力学参数，并针对不同偏心距及施建时间下高层和低层建筑物地基的工后沉降特征开展了系统研究。结果表明： （1）基于实测资料的分层迭代反演分析方法所得填土体参数较准确反应黄土高填方土体的实际受荷状态及上部建筑基础的工后沉降特征。（2）当低层或高层建筑偏心距 w=0 m 或 w=221 m 时，局部倾斜最小且均满足局部倾斜 f＜ 0.002 要求，建议低层建筑施建偏心距 w≥157 m，工后施建时间 t≥1.21 年；高层建筑施建偏心距 w≥155 m，工后施建时间 t≥1.5 年。通过本文的研究，可为类似“上山建城”高填方顶部建筑的施建位置及工后施建时间提供科学参考。     

Mechanical dependency of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axis: a possible new threat

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pathogens in our environment can act as agents capable of inflicting severe human diseases. Among them, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has recently plagued the...     

Critical analysis of turbulence models for simulating positive surge waves in open channels in a RANS-VOF setup

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The study presents a systematic assessment of 2D RANS-VOF simulation of positive surge wave propagation in open channels using three widely used turbulence models:...     

Identification of groundwater microbial communities and their connection to the hydrochemical environment in southern Laizhou Bay,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The microbial community plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle in coastal groundwater ecosystems. However, the composition and...