西藏才曲塘草地畜牧业的生态旅游景观规划

才曲塘草地畜牧业科技示范区位于西藏自治区那曲镇,目的是通过采用农牧业高新技术,提高农牧业综合开发的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,其中发展生态旅游是示范区主要开发方向和目标之一.利用景观生态学理论,分析了才曲塘生态旅游景观的形成条件、景观要素、景观结构特点,对进行了生态旅游景观的功能区划分;提出可以通过才曲塘的规划和建设,探索与自然生态环境协调的草地畜牧业景观结构,充分发挥畜牧业发展和生态旅游的功能,对高寒地区草地畜牧业综合开发起示范作用.     

新型单级自养脱氮与反硝化除磷耦合工艺

反硝化除磷菌(Denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms,DPAOs)在缺氧段需要硝氮(NO-3-N)作为电子受体进行吸磷,而氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria,AOB)和厌氧氨氧化细菌(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)恰好能够产生NO-3-N,基于此原理,将反硝化除磷菌与氨氧化细菌和厌氧氨氧化细菌进行联合培养,建立单级自养脱氮与反硝化除磷耦合工艺。该耦合工艺通过3个阶段的培养,在低碳氮磷比的条件下实现COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)、氨氮及磷酸盐的同步高效去除(90%)。同时探讨了反硝化除磷细菌在不同碳源的条件下,各个化学指标(如挥发性脂肪酸、聚羟基脂肪酸等)的变化趋势及微生物群落多样性的变化情况。     

Biodegradability of Starch Based Self-Supporting Antimicrobial Film and Its Effect on Soil Quality

Alarming environmental pollution from petroleum based non-biodegradable disposable packaging films has generated concern for development of alternatives from natural polymers such as starch. In the present work, the biodegradability of a self-supporting film made from starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (starch:PVA?=?9:1 as the polymer) together with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker and sodium propionate (SP) as antimicrobial was investigated by soil burial method. The changes in soil composition namely pH, organic carbon, available and total nitrogen, and water holding capacity as a result of biodegradation were also estimated. The film underwent ≈?90% biodegradation within a period of 28 days, with simultaneous increase in soil nutrients. Moreover, the pH remained in the accepted limit for plant growth. Thus, antimicrobial in the film did not hamper its biodegradation, rather disposal of the film in soil might facilitate plant growth.     

Dominance based fuzzy decision support framework for g-resilient (ecosilient) supplier selection: an empirical modelling

A novel decision support framework has been proposed herein to solve supplier selection problems by considering green as well as resiliency criteria, simultaneously. An expert team involving a finite number of Decision-Makers (DMs) is to be employed to obtain degree of importance of each of the evaluation criteria and also to assign an appropriate rating for each supplier alternative with respect to the criteria. Since subjective human judgment often bears some sort of ambiguity as well as vagueness, application of fuzzy set theory can be recommended in this context. The present work represents a dominance based decision support system in the light of fuzzy set theory which is basically a simplified version of TODIM and PROMETHEE. It explores dominance between two alternatives with respect to a particular criterion, based on which a global dominance measure is computed to facilitate ranking order of candidate suppliers. The approach proposed in this research seems straightforward which can exclude complex and tedious computational steps of TODIM as well as PROMETHEE. Application potential of the proposed dominance based fuzzy decision-making approach has been compared to that of Fuzzy-TOPSIS and Fuzzy-VIKOR. Good agreement has been observed. In addition to this, the concept of a unique performance index i.e. ‘g-resilient’ (also called ‘ecosilient’) index has been introduced to help in assessing suppliers’ overall performance extent. The work has also been extended to identify the ill (poor)-performing areas in which suppliers are lagging and seek further improvement towards enhancing g-resilient performance level.     

The evolving local social contract for managing climate and disaster risk in Vietnam

How do disasters shape local government legitimacy in relation to managing climate‐ and disaster‐related risks? This paper looks at how local authorities in Central Vietnam perceive their social contract for risk reduction, including the partial merging of responsibilities for disaster risk management with new plans for and investments in climate change adaptation and broader socioeconomic development. The findings indicate that extreme floods and storms constitute critical junctures that stimulate genuine institutional change. Local officials are proud of their strengthened role in disaster response and they are eager to boost investment in infrastructure. They have struggled to reinforce their legitimacy among their constituents, but given the shifting roles of the state, private sector, and civil society, and the undiminished emphasis on high‐risk development models, their responsibilities for responding to emerging climate change scenarios are increasingly nebulous. The past basis for legitimacy is no longer valid, but tomorrow's social contract is not yet defined.     

日照近岸海域春秋季浮游植物群落结构研究

本文根据2016年5月和11月日照近岸海域的浮游植物调查数据,分析了该海域浮游植物的群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。研究海域共发现浮游植物78种,其中,硅藻门（Bacillariophyta）66种,甲藻门（Pyrrophyta）10种,金藻门（Chrysophyta）2种。主要优势种为夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）、细弱圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus subtilis）和密连角毛藻（Chaetoceros densus）。春、秋两季平均丰度分别为69.38×104 cells/m3、24.61×104 cells/m3;平均多样性指数为1.56、2.99;平均丰富度指数为2.21、4.00;平均均匀度指数为0.44、0.73。聚类分析表明,研究海域可划分为3个群落。BIOENV分析表明,与研究海域浮游植物群落相关性最密切的环境因子组合为水深、水温、油类、总悬浮物和Zn。Pearson相关分析表明,影响春季浮游植物丰度的环境因子为水深、水温、铵盐、总悬浮物和重金属（Cu、Zn、Hg）;影响秋季浮游植物丰度的环境因子为水深、pH、盐度、DO和铵盐。本研究可为深入研究该海域浮游植物群落结构和影响因子提供重要的基础数据。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的事故树分析与防治

瓦斯爆炸是煤矿生产中的重要灾害,一旦发生事故,会造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡.对瓦斯爆炸事故的原因进行了分析,并提出相应的预防措施.     

Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Ni on Irish peat moss

Peat has been widely used as a low cost adsorbent to remove a variety of materials including organic compounds and heavy metals from water. Various functional groups in lignin allow such compounds to bind on active sites of peat. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) from aqueous solutions on Irish peat moss was studied both as a pure ion and from their binary mixtures under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the concentration range of 5-100mg/L. The pH of the solutions containing either Cu(2+) or Ni(2+) was varied over a range of 2-8. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(+2) on peat was found to be pH dependent. The adsorption data could be fitted to a two-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity of peat was determined to be 17.6 mg/g for Cu(2+) and 14.5mg/g for Ni(2+) at 298 K when the initial concentration for both Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) was 100mg/L, and the pH of the solution was 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. Column studies were conducted to generate breakthrough data for both pure component and binary mixtures of copper and nickel. Desorption experiments showed that 2mM EDTA solution could be used to remove all of the adsorbed copper and nickel from the bed.     

Mixing ratios of carbonyls and BTEX in ambient air of Kolkata, India and their associated health risk

Mixing ratios of 15 carbonyls and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes) were measured for the first time in ambient air of Kolkata, India at three sites from March to June 2006 and their photochemical reactivity was evaluated. Day and nighttime samples were collected on weekly basis. Formaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl (mean concentration ranging between 14.07 microg m(-3) to 26.12 microg m(-3) over the three sites) followed by acetaldehyde (7.60-18.67 microg m(-3)) and acetone (4.43-10.34 microg m(-3)). Among the high molecular weight aldehydes, nonanal showed the highest concentration. Among the mono-aromatic VOCs, mean concentration of toluene (27.65-103.31 microg m(-3)) was maximum, closely followed by benzene (24.97-79.18 microg m(-3)). Mean formaldehyde to acetaldehyde (1.4) and acetaldehyde to propanal ratios (5.0) were typical of urban air. Based on their photochemical reactivity towards OH. radical, the concentrations of the VOCs were scaled to formaldehyde equivalent, which showed that the high molecular weight carbonyls and xylenes contribute significantly to the total OH-reactive mass of the VOCs. Due to the toxic effect of the VOCs studied, an assessment for both cancer risk and non-cancer hazard due to exposure to the population were calculated. Integrated life time cancer risk (ILTCR) due to four carcinogens (benzene, ethyl benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and non-cancer hazard index for the VOCs at their prevailing level were estimated to be 1.42E-04 and 5.6 respectively.     

Improved bioavailability and biodegradation of a model polyaromatic hydrocarbon by a biosurfactant producing bacterium of marine origin

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants mostly derived from the processing and combustion of fossil fuels and cause human health hazards. In the present study a marine biosurfactant producing strain of Bacillus circulans was used to increase the bioavailability and consequent degradation of a model polyaromatic hydrocarbon, anthracene. Although the organism could not utilize anthracene as the sole carbon source, it showed better growth and biosurfactant production in an anthracene supplemented glycerol mineral salts medium (AGlyMSM) compared to a normal glycerol mineral salts medium (GlyMSM). The biosurfactant product showed high degree of emulsification of various hydrocarbons. Analysis by gas chromatography (GC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the biosurfactant could effectively entrap and solubilize PAH. Thin layer chromatographic analysis showed that anthracene was utilized as a carbon substrate for the production of biosurfactant. Thus organic pollutant anthracene was metabolized and converted to biosurfactants facilitating its own bioremediation.