微波改性锆-铝柱撑膨润土对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

以膨润土为原料,通过微波辐射加热法制备锆-铝柱撑膨润土(MZAPB)吸附剂,研究了 MZAPB 加入量、溶液 pH、吸附时间、温度等因素对 Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响.研究结果表明:当溶液初始 Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为 25mg/L、MZAPB 加入量为 10 g/L、溶液 pH 为 5.6、吸附温度 25℃、吸附时间为 6...     

生命周期评价在企业环境管理中的应用

环境管理对于企业的可持续发展起着决定性的作用,生命周期评价作为面向产品系统的新型环境管理工具越来越多地被企业所采用。文章结合中国企业环境管理实际,对所采用的环境管理工具做了分类,详述了生命周期评价的具体应用以及优势。对生命周期评价在未来企业环境管理中的重要作用做了展望。     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE (BDE-47) and deca-BDE (BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior, population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and -209 in the seawater phase measured by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations. (2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 ismore toxic than BDE-209. (3) Both BDE-47 and -209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females (OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females (MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and -209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

两株氢噬胞菌的萘降解特性分析

对两株分离自内蒙古乌梁素海的氢噬胞菌X32和X12的培养条件和萘降解特性进行研究。实验结果表明:菌株X32和X12的最适生长pH为7.0,最适生长温度为30~35℃,最适盐度w(NaCl)为1%;当初始萘质量浓度为3 500 mg/L时,对数生长期的菌株X32对萘的降解活性可达53.9 nmol/(mg·min),而菌株X12可达34.8 nmol/(mg·min);菌株X32在培养48 h后进入稳定期,60 h时萘降解率达91.43%;菌株X12在培养60 h后进入稳定期,90 h时萘降解率达93.93%。氢噬胞菌X32和X12是两株具有较高应用价值的多环芳烃降解细菌。     

Understanding the risks of mercury sulfide nanoparticles in the environment: Formation, presence, and environmental behaviors

Mercury (Hg) could be microbially methylated to the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg), raising health concerns. Understanding the methylation of various Hg species is thus critical in predicting the MeHg risk. Among the known Hg species, mercury sulfide (HgS) is the largest Hg reservoir in the lithosphere and has long been considered to be highly inert. However, with advances in the analytical methods of nanoparticles, HgS nanoparticles (HgS NPs) have recently been detected in various environmental matrices or organisms. Furthermore, pioneering laboratory studies have reported the high bioavailability of HgS NPs. The formation, presence, and transformation (e.g., methylation) of HgS NPs are intricately related to several environmental factors, especially dissolved organic matter (DOM). The complexity of the behavior of HgS NPs and the heterogeneity of DOM prevent us from comprehensively understanding and predicting the risk of HgS NPs. To reveal the role of HgS NPs in Hg biogeochemical cycling, research needs should focus on the following aspects: the formation pathways, the presence, and the environmental behaviors of HgS NPs impacted by the dominant influential factor of DOM. We thus summarized the latest progress in these aspects and proposed future research priorities, e.g., developing the detection techniques of HgS NPs and probing HgS NPs in various matrices, further exploring the interactions between DOM and HgS NPs. Besides, as most of the previous studies were conducted in laboratories, our current knowledge should be further refreshed through field observations, which would help to gain better insights into predicting the Hg risks in natural environment.     

基于GIS的北京市机动车污染数据库的开发和应用

利用 GIS技术建立机动车污染数据库 ,能动态、直观地反映机动车污染的时空分布规律 ,为机动车污染控制研究提供强有力的工具 .本研究以 ArcView为主要的 GIS开发工具 ,通过属性数据和空间数据的链接 ,实现了北京市机动车污染数据库的地图化表现、动态查询、基本空间分析等功能 ,从而为机动车污染数据库提供了技术支持 .利用该系统 ,可以对北京市机动车污染物的排放、浓度和分担率的空间分布规律进行 GIS实例分析 .     

处理啤酒废水的厌氧流化床操作特性的研究

试验表明,自制厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器对温度的变化、上升流速等环境的变化都具备良好的稳定性.它的处理温度控制在30±2℃范围,上升表观流速控制为19.1 m/h左右,回流比控制为8:1,水力停留时间在6.9 h左右,废水COD去除率可达80%以上.该AFB反应器能够承受高达30.65 kg COD/m3·d的有机容积负荷,其COD去除率也达到了73%～81%,产气速率系数为0.55～0.612 m2/kg COD.同时,也对实验中出现的偏析现象进行了分析.     

水体铯污染的生物效应与修复植物筛选

研究铯对水生植物的生物效应,筛选对铯富集能力强的水生植物,能够为水体铯污染的修复治理提供方法依据。设计铯污染浓度为0、0.5、2.5和10 mg/L,9种水生植物,3次重复,研究铯对不同水生植物生物效应(BE)和不同水生植物对铯的吸收和富集情况。结果表明,不同植物对水体铯污染有不同的反应。就增加鲜重而言,绿萍、水花生、轮叶狐狸藻、水蓼、水葱增加鲜重大于对照;眼子菜、水葫芦、水稻增加鲜重小于对照;不同植物的铯含量不同。平均铯含量依次为水花生 >水蓼 >水稻 >水葫芦 >水葱 >眼子菜 >轮叶狐狸藻 >绿萍,其中水花生为935.12 mg/kg DW,水蓼为825.93 mg/kg DW,水稻为723.38 mg/kg DW;不同植物清除水体铯污染的能力不同。收获时水体铯浓度降低最多至最少的依次是水蓼、水花生、水稻、轮叶狐狸藻、水葱、水葫芦、绿萍和眼子菜。根据生物效应、植物铯含量、水体铯减少情况,水花生、水蓼、水葫芦和水稻可以作为铯污染水体修复植物。     

市政污泥与生活垃圾混烧技术验证

对市政污泥与生活垃圾混烧进行了验证研究。结果表明,与生活垃圾单独焚烧相比,污泥与生活垃圾混烧后烟气中NOx、CO和HCl的浓度没有出现明显变化,而SO2浓度出现了下降（从82～93mg／m3下降至41～70mg／m3）;Hg、Pb、Sn、Cr和Zn的浓度均表现为不同程度的上升,但仍然符合GB[g485;二恶英从0．0087μgTEQ／m3降至O．0047μgTEQ／m3。掺烧半干污泥比例为10％、12％和15％时,吨物质的发电量分别为311．8kWh／t、306．7kWh／t和296．1kwh／t。混烧污泥在一定程度上降低了系统的发电量,因此建议混烧污泥的比例不应大于15％。测算的污泥混烧成本约209元／t（80％含水率）。