兰州西固地区气溶胶污染源的鉴别

本实验测定了兰州西固地区气溶胶中13种元素含量。用主因子分析(PFA)和目标转移因子分析(TTFA)法对数据进行处理,分辨出细粒子六个源和粗粒子四个源,并计算出各源对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的贡献,发现煤飞灰是当地的一个主要污染源。     

Grafting increases cadmium accumulation in the post-grafting generations of the potential cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum

ABSTRACT

To determine whether grafting increases cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the post-grafting generation of hyperaccumulator plants, the effects of grafting on Cd accumulation characteristics of post-grafting generations of a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum were evaluated in pot and field experiments. The following four grafting combinations were examined: ungrafted (UG), self-rooted grafting involving one S. photeinocarpum seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting involving two S. photeinocarpum seedling developmental stages (DG), and grafting on wild potato rootstock (PG). Grafting did not induce genetic changes in S. photeinocarpum, and increased the shoot biomass and the amount of Cd extracted by the shoots of the first, second, and third generations of S. photeinocarpum (PG > DG > SG > UG). Additionally, enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and increased soluble protein contents of the first post-grafting generation were observed for the DG and PG, whereas only enhanced superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were observed for the SG. Grafting increased the DNA methylation levels by inducing hypermethylation in the first post-grafting generation (PG > DG > SG > UG). Therefore, grafting can enhance the Cd accumulation (phytoremediation) ability of post-grafting generations of S. photeinocarpum by enhancing DNA methylation levels, especially when wild potato rootstock is used.     

异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器实验研究

设计了异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器,进行生活污水处理的实验研究。10个月的实验结果表明,系统的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h时,最适COD进水浓度为240-100mg/L,最佳混合液回流比（r）-污泥回流比（R）为250%-100%。控制反应器于以上运行参数下,25±2℃所对应的COD、TN和TP去除率分别为96.84%、67.55%和81.92%。当温度降至7℃时,其COD、TP和TN分别降至86.35%、50.25%和65.68%。基于实验分析结果,阐明了一体化反应器高效性的机理在于异波折板水解酸化段具有高效传质特性和A2O段具有复合式活性污泥-接触氧化好氧池的特点。     

Green research and development activities and SO2 intensity: an analysis for China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carrying out domestic research and development (R&D) activities can improve environmental performance. However, extant studies have not...     

节能环保产业分类研究

目前国际上还没有对“节能环保产业”给出一个统一的、标准的定义。本文研究了我国节能环保产业的分类现状及存在问题,经深八分析后,得出相对清晰的节能环保产业边界的定义。     

中国保护臭氧层的建议方案

臭氧层破坏是当前面临的全球性环境问题,为了履行自己的国际义务,认真分析本国消耗臭氧层物(ODS)的生产、消费现状,科学评估其发展趋势,提出削减消耗臭氧层物质的措施。     

西北干旱区水资源开发的水文效应及其利用模式的变化

我国西北干旱区主要分布在新疆、青海和甘肃及内蒙西部。这里气候干旱,水资源对干旱区的经济发展有着决定性意义,在干旱区“没有灌溉就没有农业”。水资源不仅影响到农牧业发展,同时也影响到工矿资源开发和城市的发展。水资源既是宝贵的自然资源,也是干旱区自然环境综合体中最活跃的因素之一。水资源开发利用已引起一系列水文效应和生态环境的变化,尤其是干旱区水资源开发中水循环各要素变化是很强烈的,因此研究干旱区的水资源开发的水文效应不仅具有理论意义,也有重要的实践意义。     

杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试.实验结果表明:制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Ke...     

利用悬浮填料附着生物膜同步去除碳氮磷

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）处理配制模拟废水,实验结果表明,水力停留时间为6h、悬浮填料填充率为40％时,在不同C／N／P比率条件下,MBBR对COD、NH4＋-N和TN去除性能好且稳定,平均去除率分别达到90％、94．8％和62．39％以上,而TP的去除率受C／N／P值影响较大,当C／N／P的比值为100／10／1．8时,平均去除率达到58．03％。一定的溶解氧（DO）质量浓度能保证反应器中COD、NH4-N高效稳定的去除,同时是TN和TP同时去除的重要影响因素,在MBBR中最佳DO值约为3mg／L。由于附着在悬浮填料生物膜内部存在厌氧、缺氧微环境条件,在反应器中存在少量的反硝化聚磷菌。     

A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment

Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments.