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41.
Indoor and outdoor bioaerosol levels at recreation facilities, elementary schools, and homes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One major deficiency in linking environmental exposure to health effects is the current lack of data on environmental exposure. Therefore, to address this issue, the present study measured the bacterial and fungal concentrations in the indoor and outdoor air from two types of recreation facility (42 bars and 41 Internet cafes), 44 classrooms at 11 elementary schools, and 20 homes under uncontrolled environmental conditions during both summer and winter. No major environmental problems were reported at the four microenvironments being investigated during the entire study period. Bacteria and fungi were found in all the air samples, and the environmental occurrence of individual fungi was in the order of Cladosprium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. The six parameters surveyed in the present study were all found to influence the indoor and outdoor bioaerosol levels: microenvironment type, sampling time in elementary school classrooms, agar type for measuring the fungal species, seasonal variation, facility location, and summer survey periods. The indoor and outdoor air concentrations of bacteria and fungi found in this study were comparable to those in other reports, with GM values for the total bacteria and total fungi between 10 and 103 colony-forming units per cubic meter of air (CFU m−3). The fungal concentrations found at most of the indoor environments fell within the specified guidelines of the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), between 100 and 1000 CFU m−3 for the total fungi. However, the indoor bioaerosol concentrations at most of the surveyed environments exceeded the Korean indoor bioaerosol guideline (800 CFU m−3). Consequently, the current findings suggest the need for reducing strategy for indoor microorganisms at the surveyed microenvironments. 相似文献
42.
In vitro digestibility of 10 polymers was studied. Only starch, starch blend, gelatin, and silk were more than 10% digested by the enzyme cocktail. Cellophane, polyhydroxy--valerate, pullulan, levan, shellac, ethylene vinyl alcohol, and polyethylene were less than 10% digestible. The implications from these data are that these materials would act physiologically as dietary fiber or residue.Paper presented at the Biodegradable Materials and Packaging Conference, September 22–23, 1993, Natick, Massachusetts. 相似文献
43.
Solar and Tidal Modulations of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Coastal Waters at Huntington Beach,California 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The coastal waters at many beaches in California and the United States are afflicted with fecal pollution, which poses a health
risk for people exposed to the water through recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and diving. Identifying sources
of pollution is complicated by oceanographic transport/mixing processes and the nonconservative behavior of microorganisms
exposed to sunlight and hostile marine conditions. This article investigates the variation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)
concentrations in the surf zone and the adjacent coastal marsh by applying autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses
that illustrate solar and tidal modulations. A steady state bioreactor model was developed to explain solar inactivation in
the surf zone, whereas a dynamic model was applied to explain tidally influenced disturbances in the coastal marsh. These
models applied to intensive monitoring datasets on FIB and environmental variables have provided insights into the biologic
and physical processes controlling coastal water quality, specifically the influence of sunlight and tides on bacterial levels. 相似文献
44.
Hyejin Oh Dong Joo Seo Su Been Jeon Hyunkyung Park Suntak Jeong Hyang Sook Chun Mihwa Oh Changsun Choi 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(3):260-269
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Bacillus cereus bacteriophages of various origins. Twenty-seven bacteriophages against B. cereus were isolated from various Korean traditional fermented foods and soils. Plaque size, transmission electron microscopy, virulence profile, and in vitro lytic activity of bacteriophage isolates were examined. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed B. cereus bacteriophages belonging to the family Siphoviridae. Among B. cereus bacteriophages with broad host range, 18 isolates (66.7%) did not harbor any B. cereus virulence factors. Among them, bacteriophage strain CAU150036, CAU150038, CAU150058, CAU150064, CAU150065, and CAU150066 effectively inhibited B. cereus in vitro within 1 h. Therefore, they are considered potential candidates for controlling the contamination of B. cereus in food or other applications. 相似文献
45.
Yong Seon Choi Eung Seo Koo Man Su Kim Jong Duck Choi Yongsik Shin Yong Seok Jeong 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(2):168-178
Noroviruses are major causative pathogen of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Of the seven genogroups of noroviruses suggested recently, genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) had been the most common genotype identified in hospitalized patients in the last few decades. However, since the latter half of 2014, new variants of GII.17 have been reported as the main causes of outbreaks over GII.4 in East Asia and have also occurred in America and Europe. In this study, we monitored norovirus GII in coastal streams at South Gyeongsang province and South Jeolla province of South Korea from March 2015 to May 2016. Norovirus GII.17 capsid sequences were predominantly detected until September 2015 in water samples. However, we found that the number of positive cases of the norovirus GII.4 Sydney 2012 capsid sequence has been increasing since December 2015, overtaking that of GII.17 in 2016. The RdRp genotype of this predominant GII.4 variant in 2016 was identified as GII.P16. The emergence and predominance of the GII.4 pandemic capsid sequence harboring a different RdRp genotype suggested the potential for a future pandemic. 相似文献
46.
Jin-Ho Sung Seung-Ki Back Eun-Song Lee Ha-Na Jang Yong-Chil Seo Youn-Suk Kang Myong-Hwa Lee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(6):58-65
Elemental mercury(Hg0) is predominant constituent of flue gas emitted from coal-fired power plants. Adsorption has been considered the best available technology for removal of Hg0 from flue gas. However, adsorbent injection increases the amount of ash generated. In the present study, powdered activated carbon(PAC) was coated on polytetrafluoroethylene/glass fiber filters to increase Hg0 removal while concurrently reducing the amount of ash generated. The optimal PAC coating rate was determined in laboratory experiments to ensure better Hg0 removal with low pressure drop. When PAC of particle size less than 45 μm was used, and the areal density was 50 g/m2, the pressure drop remained under 30 Pa while the Hg0 removal efficiency increased to 15.8% from4.3%. The Hg0 removal efficiency also increased with decrease in filtration velocity. The optimal PAC coating rate was applied on a hybrid filter(HF), which was combined with a bag filter and an electrostatic precipitator in a single chamber. Originally designed to remove fine particulates matter, it was retrofitted to the flue gas control device for simultaneous Hg0 removal. By employing the PAC coating, the Hg removal efficiency of the HF increased to 79.79% from 66.35%. Also, a temporary reduction in Hg removal was seen but this was resolved following a cleaning cycle in which the dust layer was removed. 相似文献
47.
Ji Eun Lee Hang Seok Choi Yong Chil Seo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(4):665-676
For designing an efficient circulating fluidized bed reactor, understanding the complex hydrodynamic characteristics in the reactor is required. Hence, in the present study, the modeling and simulation of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier using plastic waste were carried out with Eulerian-Granular approach. Several cases were investigated as changing superficial gas velocities or sizes of plastic waste particle. Firstly, cases were examined with four different velocities when the particle diameter is 1 mm. At the gas velocity of 6 or 8 m/s, gas volume fraction is more than 95 % throughout the reactor and particle velocity has positive value overall. Therefore, a circulating fluidized bed seems to be formed in both cases. Comparing those two cases, better solid mixing can be expected considering the mass fraction and solid velocity at the superficial gas velocity of 6 m/s. Thus this case was further studied for the effect of particle size. As the diameters of plastic waste particle are 1 or 3 mm, it is considered that a circulating fluidized bed is formed. And plastic waste and sand particles are well mixed throughout the reactor. However, the particle diameter increases over 3 mm then, it is very hard to maintain circulating fluidization condition. 相似文献
48.
Il Won Seo 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(5):811-822
ABSTRACT: The non-Fickian nature of the longitudinal dispersion in natural channels during low flow has been investigated using both laboratory experiments and the numerical solution of the proposed mathematical model which is based on a set of mass balance equations describing the dispersion and mass exchange mechanisms. Laboratory experiments, which involved collection of channel geometry, hydraulic, and dye dispersion test data, were conducted to obtain sets of experimental data on a model of four pool and riffle sequences in a 161-ft long tilting flume in the Hydrosystems Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The experimental results indicate that flow over the model pool-riffle sequences is highly nonuniform. Concentration-time curves are significantly skewed with long tails. The mixing and dispersion in the laboratory channel was simulated using a numerical solution of the mathematical model in which the finite difference method developed by Stone and Brian (1963) was used as a solution technique. The comparison between measured and predicted concentration-time curves shows that there is a good level of agreement in the general shape, peak concentration, and time to peak. The proposed model shows significant improvement over the conventional Fickian model in predicting dispersion processes in natural channels under low flow conditions. 相似文献
49.
Tool wear in micro-milling poses a serious limitation to increased production rate, and atomized cutting fluids have been shown to be quite effective in increasing tool life in micro-milling operations. A new compact cutting fluid application system has been designed and developed based on ultrasonic atomization. In order to understand the effects of the system input parameters on system performance, two performance measures have been defined in terms of spray characteristics and experiments have been performed to evaluate the system according to the defined performance measures. Based on the experimental results, the system parameters can be adjusted to obtain the desired spray characteristics, and areas of improvement on the design have been identified. 相似文献
50.