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91.
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93.
Sung-Jin Cho Ki-Heon Kim Hae-Young Jung Oh-Jun Kwon Yong-Chil Seo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(2):98-102
A plastic fraction consisting mainly of polyurethane/styrofoam waste is generated after separating valuable spare parts and
metals from used electrical home appliances. In Korea, such waste is currently incinerated in cement kilns or is landfilled.
However, owing to its high volatile matter content, conversion into gaseous or liquid pyrolysis products is a preferable alternative.
A pyrolysis process of polyurethane and styrofoam waste from electrical home appliances was evaluated by characterizing the
products generated at 500°–800°C. The para meters determined were the yields of gas, oil, and char; the characteristics of
the remaining char; and the con centration of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzo-furans in the product gas. As expected, the char yield decreased at higher temperatures,
whereas gas and oil yields showed increasing tendency. The oil products could be used as storable fuels with a calorific value
of 6000–8000 kcal/kg. Fine pores were observed in the char. The adsorption and decolorizing ability of the char were almost
the same as those of activated carbon, so that pyrolysis char has potential for use as a sorbent. Further feasibility studies
will be needed before utilizing pyrolysis technology to recover either fuels or usable products from polyurethane/styrofoam
waste. 相似文献
94.
Eunhwa Choi Heesang Eum Yong-Seok Seo Seung-Muk Yi Hyeyoung Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):832-843
Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide were continuously measured and variability of emission factors (EFs) was evaluated in five municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) and four industrial waste incinerators (IWIs) from 24 to 86 days between 2008 and 2011. N2O EFs were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and mean N2O EFs were 7.1, 107, 127, 219 g N2O/ton waste combusted in MWIs with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx control, MWIs with selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), IWIs with SNCR, and a MWI using fluidized bed with SNCR, respectively. Climate-relevant CO2 EFs ranged from 0.45 to 0.72 ton CO2/ton waste combusted in MWIs. Maximum values of upper limit for 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of N2O EFs estimated in each MWIs with SCR, MWIs with SNCR, IWIs with SNCR were 185, 94, 101% of mean N2O EFs, respectively. Meanwhile, maximum values of upper limit for 95% CIs of CO2 EFs were much lower as between 18 and 36% in those facilities. 84% CIs of mean N2O EFs in MWIs with SNCR and IWIs with SNCR were overlapped indicating those values are not significantly different. 相似文献
95.
The expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A, p53 and vitellogenin were investigated in three different tissues of male medaka fish after exposure to diclofenac that is one of the main concerns among pharmaceuticals frequently found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents. The results showed that cytochrome P450 1A, p53 and vitellogenin were highly expressed in tissue-specific gene expression patterns after exposure to 8 mg/l and 1 μg/l of diclofenac. These elevated expression levels of three biomarkers suggested that diclofenac has potential to cause cellular toxicity, p53-related genotoxicity and estrogenic effects. It is also noteworthy that diclofenac has the potential to cause these effects even at an environmentally relevant concentration of diclofenac, 1 μg/l. 相似文献
96.
97.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This paper evaluates behavioral adaptation models to climate change using South American agricultural data. This paper finds that the Ricardian model with... 相似文献
98.
Yong-Kook Kwon Hyun-Whee Bae Sun Kyoung Shin Tae-Wan Jeon Jungju Seo Geum-Sook Hwang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10453-10460
Leachate, generated by the decomposition of animal carcasses, presents many environmental, sanitary, and food safety hazards. However, research on the characteristics of leachate is lacking. In this study, we performed biochemical profiling of leachate from two animal species (pig and cattle) in two soil types (sandy loam and sandy soil) using 1H-NMR-based profiling, followed by multivariate data analysis. The leachate was collected from a well-controlled artificial burial site over a 31-week period. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the NMR data showed similar patterns between species and soil types. Organic components, including organic acids and phenols, predominated, and their levels increased with time. The methylamine level in leachate from pig carcasses 18 weeks following burial was significantly higher than that from cattle carcasses; leachate from cattle carcasses in sandy soil 1 week after burial contained unique components (specifically ethanol, formate, alanine, N-methylation, and taurine), in contrast with those from sandy loam soil. This study suggests that a NMR-based profiling approach is useful to characterize the organic components in leachate from animal carcasses over time. 相似文献
99.
Dugwon Seo Tarendra Lakhankar Juan Mejia Brian Cosgrove Reza Khanbilvardi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(6):1296-1307
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) flash flood warnings are issued by Weather Forecast Offices and are underpinned by information from the Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) system operated by the River Forecast Centers (RFCs). This study focuses on the quantitative evaluation and limitations of the FFG system using reported flash flood cases in 2010 and 2011. The flash flood reports were obtained from the NWS Storm Event database for the Arkansas‐Red Basin RFC (ABRFC). The current FFG system at the ABRFC provides gridded flash flood guidance (GFFG) system using the NWS Hydrology Laboratory‐Research Distributed Hydrologic Model to translate the upper zone soil moisture to estimates of Soil Conservation Service Curve Numbers. Comparisons of the GFFG and real‐time Multisensor Precipitation Estimator‐derived Quantitative Precipitation Estimate for the same duration and location were used to analyze the success of the system. Typically, the six‐hour duration was characterized by higher probability of detection values than the three‐hour duration, which highlights the difficulty of hydrologic process estimation for shorter time scales. The current system does not take into account physical characteristics such as land use, including irrigated agricultural farm and urban areas, hence, overly dry soil moisture estimates over these areas can lower the success rate of the GFFG product. 相似文献
100.
Won-Seok Yang Jang-Soo Lee Se-Won Park Jae-Jun Kang Tanvir Alam Yong-Chil Seo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(3):509-516
To recycle polyurethane foam waste generated from electric appliance recycling centers for use as fuel in a gasification process, polyurethane solid refuse fuel fabricated as pellets was analyzed for the characteristics of elemental composition, proximate analysis, heating value, and thermo-gravimetric testing. It has a high heating value of 29.06 MJ/kg with a high content of combustibles, which could be feasibly used in any thermal process. However, the nitrogen content, of up to 7 %, was comparably higher than for other fuels such as coal, biomass, and refuse-derived fuel, and may result in the emission of nitrogenous pollutant gases of HCN and NH3. By conducting gasification experiments on polyurethane solid refuse fuel in a fixed-bed reactor, a syngas with a heating value of 9.76 kJ/m3 and high content of both H2 and CO were produced with good gasification efficiency; carbon conversion 54 %, and cold gas efficiency 60 %. The nitrogenous pollutant gases in syngas were measured at the concentrations of 160 ppm hydrogen cyanide and 40 ppm ammonia, which may have to be reduced using proper cleaning technologies prior to the commercialization of gasification technology for polyurethane waste. 相似文献