生物滴滤床净化含H2S废气的实验研究

采用生物滴滤床(BTF)对某制药厂污水站含H2S废气进行净化实验.结果表明,在循环营养液温度为25～30℃、pH为1～3、空床停留时间(EBRT)为13.5s、废气中H2S质量浓度在200～600 mg/m3时,BTF系统对H2S的去除率基本保持在90%以上,且稳定性良好;循环营养液中SO24-浓度的累积会降低系统H2S的去除率;随着BTF填料体积因压实而减小,H2S去除率减小.可通过改变系统操作条件或用稀碱液冲洗等方法防止填料堵塞;BTF系统在特殊工况下,具有较好的恢复性能.     

电除尘器电场分布特性的模拟计算

电除尘器通道内电场分布特性的计算是电除尘器数学模型的主要内容之一。本文以实验和已有的圆线电场分布特性模拟计算方法为基础,对国内常用的几种非圆型电晕线电场分布特性提出了模拟计算方法,在板距D=300mm的条件下确定了星形线和锯齿线的直径当量数和芒刺线的衰减函数,并通过电场测定实验和工业设备运行参数对所提出的方法进行了验证。     

Chromosome doubling of Sedum alfredii Hance: A novel approach for improving phytoremediation efficiency

Sedum alfredii Hance is a cadmium(Cd)/zinc(Zn) hyperaccumulator native to China.However, its relatively low biomass restricted the large-scale application for heavy metal contamination remediation. The chromosome set doubling of S. alfredii in vitro was achieved by 0.1%–0.2%(W/V) colchicine treatment. The plant DNA ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry and chromosome set doubling plants(CSD) were identified based on the obvious different sharp peak. A tissue culture experiment with different Cd treated levels and a field trial with natural polluted mined soil were conducted to study the effects of chromosome doubling on plant biomass and Cd accumulation in shoots. The results suggested that S.alfredii is a mixoploid. Compared with the wild type plants(WT), CSD exhibited typical"gigas" characteristics in morphology including stem thickness, root hair production,number of leaves and size of stoma guard cell. Fresh weight and dry weight of CSD were increased to 1.62–2.03-fold and 2.26–3.25-fold of WT. And Cd content of CSD showed a17.49%–42.82% increase and 59% increase under tissue culture and field condition,accordingly. In addition, the TF and in BCF of CSD were 2.37-and 1.59-fold of WT,respectively. These results proved that it is feasible to promote phytoextraction efficiency of S. alfredii in Cd contaminated soils through chromosomal engineering, which provides a novel approach for hyperaccumulator application in phytoremediation.     

水和废水中多种金属元素ICP－AES通用测定方法的研究

研究水和废水中多种元素ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ的通用分析方法,探讨了样品的前处理过程,最佳实验条件的选择,干扰的判断和校正及在整个分析过程中注意的问题,实验结果表明,此 方法准确可靠,测定值基本能很好与质控样的标准值相符合,加入回收率多在９０％１１０％范围内,精密度多低于５％,检出限为０．１－１００μｇ／Ｌ,线性分析范围达４－５６个数量级。该方法简便快速易于掌握,可同时进行多元素分析。     

企业HSE管理与信息化探讨

随着HSE管理体系在石油石化企业的全面建立和运行,HSE管理的信息化建设也得到了越来越多的重视。利用现代信息技术,结合本企业HSE管理体系的要求,建立企业HSE管理系统,可以全面规范和提升企业HSE管理,解决HSE管理体系运行过程中的“两张皮”现象,确保企业HSE管理体系的有效运行。     

硫化镉光催化降解活性染料的研究

以硫化镉为光催化剂,钨灯模拟可见光,研究了硫化镉对活性染料亚甲基蓝的光催化降解过程。考察了光照时间、催化剂用量、污染物的初始浓度、反应体系的pH值等对光催化过程的影响。结果表明,以钨灯为光源下,硫化镉能较好对亚甲基蓝进行降解。     

Effect of cypermethrin insecticide on the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world,and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant.However,little is known about how the pesticides affect the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere.This study was the first attempt to assess the impact of pyrethroid insecticide cyperemethrin on the microbial communities of cucumber phyllosphere using biochemical and genetic approaches.Phospholipid fatty ac...     

克劳氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus clausii S-4)吸附Zn2+的研究

为了验证生物吸附剂去除废水中重金属离子Zn2+的可行性,筛选了一株高效吸附Zn2+的微生物菌株克劳氏芽孢杆菌Bacillus clausii S-4。采用火焰原子吸收、红外光谱和扫描电镜能谱分析,对这种新型生物吸附剂在水相中吸附Zn2+的性能和机理进行了研究。结果表明,B. clausii S-4菌体在20 ℃、30 ℃、40 ℃条件下,吸附Zn2+的最佳pH为4.5,吸附容量为57.5 mg/g,吸附容量随温度的升高而增加,吸附过程是吸热反应,吸附平衡时间约30 min。吸附前后,B. clausii S-4菌体表面上的化学官能团和金属离子发生了明显的变化,—OH、—NH+4、—COOH、（—CO—NH—）、—C6H5等官能团可能参与了吸附过程。0.1 mol/L HNO3、HCl和EDTA对锌的解吸附效果较好。在矿山废水中,B. clausii S-4菌体对Zn2+的吸附效果也比较理想,显示出其潜在的应用价值。     

几种倒伞型表面曝气机的充氧性能

对安徽某科技公司产自行研究的几种倒伞型表面曝气器的充氧性能进行模拟比较研究,利用合肥某氧化沟装置在清水条件下对各叶轮的氧总转移系数KLa、理论充氧能力qc、理论动力效率E及水体流速v进行了测试,对比分析了叶片安装角度、片数及叶片设计对充氧能力的影响。结果表明,叶片导流辐板斜角设计对充氧效率影响最大,是叶轮性能提升最关键因素。     

A comparative study of the interaction between microhole sidewall and the plasma generated by nanosecond and femtosecond laser ablation of deep microholes

High-aspect-ratio microholes have many industrial applications, but are difficult to produce. Femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser ablation may produce potential manufacturing solutions. However, the laser-induced plasma–microhole sidewall interaction has not been well understood for laser ablation of deep microholes, which may significantly affect the hole size and/or quality. This interaction has been investigated in this paper. Due to the huge challenges involved in direct experimental observations, a physics-based model is applied as the research tool, which has been verified by measurements from literatures on laser ablation of flat targets (without deep microholes) that are relatively easy to perform. The study shows that under the same laser pulse fluence, the fs laser-induced plasma generates larger transient peak heat flux to the sidewall than the ns laser pulse. However, the high-heat-flux region moves up very rapidly in the hole, and hence the sidewall temperature is not significantly raised and sidewall melting does not occur under the studied conditions. On the other hand, for the ns laser pulse, the induced plasma maintains a relatively high heat flux to the sidewall near the hole bottom for a much longer time, which yields obvious sidewall melting and surface vaporization. The results are consistent with the previously observed sidewall surface morphology for microholes drilled by fs and ns laser pulses in air with the same pulse energy.