脉冲电晕低温等离子体提高一氧化氮氧化效率的实验研究

提高一氧化氮（NO）的氧化效率对于提高生物法处理该类废气的净化效率具有重要意义。实验研究了低温等离子体在脉冲电晕条件下氧化废气中NO的过程，考察了不同峰值电压、氧气含量、气体停留时间和添加有机物等因素对提高NO氧化效率的影响。结果表明：低温等离子法可有效地提高NO的氧化效率，主要产物为NO2；室温条件下，当进气NO浓度590mg／m^3、脉冲频率50Hz时，增大峰值电压、气体停留时间和进气中的氧气含量可提高NO的氧化效率；在最适峰值电压15kV，气体停留时间5s时，NO氧化效率为20％；在进气NO中添加甲苯、乙醇后，NO氧化效率可增加至30％以上，甲苯的效果要好于乙醇。     

甲基异柳磷对大鼠游离肝细胞结构与功能影响及其在肝细胞中的代谢动力学研究

研究结果表明,甲基异柳磷(MeISP)在1.5mmol/L终浓度时对肝细胞有明显毒性,表现为膜通透性增高,细胞内丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β-葡糖苷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶(AcP)漏出率增高,且ALT和LDH漏出率同MeISP间呈良好的剂量-效应关系;迅速耗损细胞内GSH;同MeISP共同温育30min的肝细胞膜发生明显的囊泡化;几乎完全抑制肝细胞蛋白质合成和糖异生功能.在15μmol/L终浓度下,在肝细胞内代谢迅速,符合代谢动力学一室模型(one—compartment model).     

甲基异柳磷对大鼠游离肝细胞结构与功能影响及其在肝细胞中的代谢动力学研究

研究结果表明,甲基异柳磷(MeISP)在1.5mmol/L终浓度时对肝细胞有明显毒性,表现为膜通透性增高,细胞内丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、β-葡糖苷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶(AcP)漏出率增高,且ALT和LDH漏出率同MeISP间呈良好的剂量-效应关系;迅速耗损细胞内GSH;同MeISP共同温育30min的肝细胞膜发生明显的囊泡化;几乎完全抑制肝细胞蛋白质合成和糖异生功能.在15μmol/L终浓度下,在肝细胞内代谢迅速,符合代谢动力学一室模型(one—compartment model).     

轧钢废水全循环综合利用经济效益分析

轧钢厂废水全循环综合利用改造项目的确定，从项目设备投资，运转费用投资以及项目建成后节约用水，减少排污费等方面，阐述微观产生的经济效益，宏观产生的环境效益，揭示了该项目带来的积极影响。     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of silver nanoparticles in water using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Using the ionic liquid(IL)1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extractant and methanol as the dispersion solvent,a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was developed to extract silver nanoparticles(AgN Ps)from environmental water samples.Parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency such as IL concentration,pH and extraction time were optimized.Under the optimized conditions,the highest extraction efficiency for AgN Ps was above 90% with an enrichment factor of 90.The extracted AgN Ps in the IL phase were identified by transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy,and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion,with a detection limit of 0.01 μg/L.The spiked recovery of AgN Ps was 84.4% with a relative standard deviation(RSD)of 3.8%(n = 6)at a spiked level of 5 μg/L,and 89.7% with a RSD of 2.2%(n = 6)at a spiked level of 300 μg/L,respectively.Commonly existed environmental ions had a very limited influence on the extraction efficiency.The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of Ag NPs in river water,lake water,and the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant,with recoveries in the range of 71.0%–90.9% at spiking levels of 0.11–4.7 μg/L.     

Bioaccumulation,subcellular, and molecular localization and damage to physiology and ultrastructure in Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze exposed to yttrium

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute toxicity of yttrium (Y) were evaluated in Nymphoides peltata. The effects of Y concentrations of 1–5 mg L^?1 applied for 4 days were assessed by measuring changes in photosynthetic pigments, nutrient contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Y in subcellular fractions decreased in the order of cell wall > organelle > soluble fraction. Much more Y was located in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The content of some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mo) increased in N. peltata, but there was an opposite effect for P and K. Meanwhile, ascorbate, and catalase activity decreased significantly for all Y concentrations. In contrast, peroxidase activity was induced, while initial rises in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were followed by subsequent declines. Morphological symptoms of senescence, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were observed even at the lowest Y concentration. Pigment content decreased as the Y concentration rose and the calculated EC₅₀ and MPC of Y for N. peltata were 2 and 0.2 mg L^?1 after 4 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that exogenous Y was highly available in water and that its high concentration in water bodies might produce harmful effects on aquatic organisms. N. peltata is proposed as a biomonitor for the assessment of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE(BDE-47)and deca-BDE(BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and-209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations.(2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209.(3) Both BDE-47 and-209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females(OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females(MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and-209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

Molecular characterization of microbial communities in bioaerosols of a coal mine by 454 pyrosequencing and real-time PCR

Microbial diversity and abundance in bioaerosols of a coal mine were analyzed based on 454 pyrosequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). A total of 37,191 high quality sequences were obtained and could be classified into 531, 1730 and 448 operational taxonomic units respectively for archaea, bacteria and fungi at 97% sequence similarity. The Shannon diversity index for archaea, bacteria and fungi was respectively 4.71, 6.29 and 3.86, indicating a high diversity in coal mine bioaerosols. Crenarchaeota, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla for archaea, bacteria and fungi, respectively. The concentrations of total archaea, bacteria and fungi were 1.44 × 108, 1.02 × 108 and 9.60 × 104cells/m3, respectively.Methanotrophs observed in bioaerosols suggested possible methane oxidation in the coal mine. The identified potential pathogens to coal miners, such as Acinetobacter schindleri,Aeromonas cavernicola, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus penicillioides, Cladosporium cladosporioides,and Penicillium brevicompactum were also observed. This was the first investigation of microbial diversity and abundance in coal mine bioaerosols. The investigation of microbial communities would be favorable in promoting the progress of methane control based on microbial technique and concern on coal miners’ health.     

原子荧光光谱法测定环境水体中痕量锡研究

在对环境水进行检测时,一个非常重要的项目就是对锡含量进行检测,所以,运用准确、灵敏的测定方法对环境水体中痕量锡进行检测具有非常重要的意义。文章将结合实验,在对环境水体中的痕量锡进行测定时,运用原子荧光光谱法,对测定环境水体中痕量锡的方法进行了一定的研究。采用原子荧光光谱法测定环境水体中的痕量锡,方法检出限是0.10μg/L,相对标准偏差0.20%~0.90%,实际样品加标回收率为98%~102%,满足环境监测实验室分析测定要求,值得推广。     

论高职高专院校高等数学教学改革——我院高等数学分级教学的实践与探索

通过对当前国内高等数学教学现状的分析,指出了整齐划一的单一教学模式已经严重影响了教学效果,必须采用多样化的分层教学模式,以调动学生学习兴趣,提高教学水平.论述了在我院实行高等数学教学改革的必要性,提出了教学改革的总体思路,并进行了有效的实践与探索.