稻田生态系统服务及其经济价值评估方法探讨

稻田生态系统是一种特殊的生态系统,它为各种生物提供了生存环境,也为人类提供了各种产品和服务,在亚洲季风区国家和地区,它更是人们生活、生产的物质基础和基本条件。文章概述了生态系统服务的概念和类型,阐述了稻田生态系统服务的重要性及其内涵,提出了稻田生态系统服务的经济价值评估方法,展望了下一步深入研究的问题。     

NO2对高血压患者血压和脉压的短期影响

为了探讨气态污染物NO₂对高血压患者血压水平和脉压的短期影响,本文基于前瞻性队列研究,收集甘肃省金昌市2011年1月1日~2015年11月30日逐日NO₂监测数据及同期气象观测数据,运用混合效应模型,在控制随机效应及其他混杂因素的基础上,分析NO₂与高血压患者血压水平和脉压的关联性.结果表明：（1）NO₂在滞后1d（lag1）时平均浓度每升高1个IQR,收缩压升高0.457mmHg（0.131~0.784）,滞后7d（lag7）和4d（lag4）时,NO₂的平均浓度每升高1个IQR,舒张压上升0.276mmHg（0.025~0.527）,脉压上升0.402mmHg（0.047~0.758）,且结果均具有统计学意义.（2）性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒、季节在NO₂对高血压患者血压水平和脉压的效应中可能具有修饰作用.多污染物模型及调整沙尘影响后,NO₂对高血压患者血压及脉压的影响保持一致.     

脉冲阴极保护研究现状及在铝合金防护上的应用展望

对脉冲阴极保护技术的起源,发展历史及应用现状进行了介绍。根据学者对Q235钢、40角钢等金属在模拟海水环境下进行的脉冲阴极保护研究,确定了影响脉冲阴极保护效果的主要参数为脉冲周期、占空比、脉冲幅值以及阳极距离等,分析得出了脉冲阴极保护技术的优点以及该技术推广所存在的限制和原因,并与传统直流阴极保护技术的保护效果进行比较,显示出脉冲阴极保护技术用于金属设备防护时的优越性,可使保护电位更均匀,保护距离更长,在同等保护效果下的能耗更低。分析了当前海水环境下船用铝合金的使用特点以及保护现状。结合脉冲阴极保护的特性和优点,根据传统的阴极保护理论以及双电层理论,分析并展望了脉冲阴极保护技术用于海洋环境下船用铝合金防护的可行性和应用前景。     

A signal-amplified whole-cell biosensor for sensitive detection of Hg2+ based on Hg2+-enhanced reporter module

A signal-amplified mercury sensing biosensor with desired sensitivity was developed through firstly using the GFP mutant with fluorescence increasing response towards Hg²⁺ as the reporter module.The developed biosensor showed response for Hg²⁺ in a relatively wide range of 1–10,000 nmol/L,and the detection limit was improved one or two orders of magnitude in comparison with most metal-sensing biosensors in similar constructs.In addition,the biosensor could distinguish Hg     

三峡小流域水体硝态氮含量变化特征及其影响因素研究

为了解三峡地区典型农业流域水体水质状况以及对流域各影响因素的响应,在2004年和2005年间,对三峡库区内长江一级支流曲溪的水体硝态氮含量进行了连续监测,利用划分子流域的方法,分析了该流域异质景观条件下溪流水硝态氮含量的变化特征.结果表明,该流域溪流水体中硝态氮含量变化在0.4～14.6 mg·L-1之间,且其含量冬季＞秋季＞夏季＞春季,年际之间也存在着一定的差异,随着农业活动对环境影响的日益加剧水体中硝态氮含量还有加大的趋势;在该流域内水体硝态氮含量与不同类型的土地利用之间存在不同程度的相关性;而且流域内地质水文特征等环境因素对水体硝态氮含量有一定的影响,说明在流域尺度上水体硝态氮含量对影响因素的响应是明显的.     

丙烯聚合釜失效原因分析

针对丙烯聚合釜的开裂失效进行了系统的分析和测试,包括:宏观分析硬度测试金相分析、扫描电镜及电子能谱分析等,依据分析结果对开裂原因进行了讨论,并针对开裂原因提出了相应的建议措施.     

Removal of arsenate with hydrous ferric oxide coprecipitation：Effect of humic acid

Insights from the adverse effect of humic acid(HA) on arsenate removal with hydrous ferric oxide(HFO) coprecipitation can further our understanding of the fate of As(V) in water treatment process. The motivation of our study is to explore the competitive adsorption mechanisms of humic acid and As(V) on HFO on the molecular scale. Multiple complementary techniques were used including macroscopic adsorption experiments, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) spectroscopy, flow-cell attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) measurement, and charge distribution multisite complexation(CDMUSIC) modeling. The As(V) removal efficiency was reduced from over 95% to about 10% with the increasing HA concentration to 25 times of As(V) mass concentration. The SERS analysis excluded the HA-As(V) complex formation. The EXAFS results indicate that As(V) formed bidentate binuclear surface complexes in the presence of HA as evidenced by an As-Fe distance of 3.26–3.31 ?. The in situ ATR-FTIR measurements show that As(V) replaces surface hydroxyl groups and forms innersphere complex. High concentrations of HA may physically block the surface sites and inhibit the As(V) access. The adsorption of As(V) and HA decreased the point of zero charge of HFO from 7.8 to 5.8 and 6.3, respectively. The CD-MUSIC model described the zeta potential curves and adsorption edges of As(V) and HA reasonably well.     

渗滤液反渗透浓缩液回灌出水水质变化规律的研究

为更科学合理地选择回灌填埋体提供一定的理论依据,对3个不同年份垃圾柱的回灌出水进行了水质变化规律的研究.采用成都某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液反渗透浓缩液,对装填了填埋龄为1、5和15 a垃圾的垃圾柱开展了回灌实验,研究了回灌出水中酸碱度、总有机碳、氨氮、硝态氮、重金属的变化规律.结果表明,1 a垃圾柱处于产甲烷化阶段,具有较好的去除硝态氮的能力,硝态氮的降解率达到了88%以上,但出水有机物、氨氮浓度较高,对指标的改变主要通过生物作用;5 a垃圾柱已接近稳定化,但还没有矿化垃圾的典型特征,吸附能力与生物作用均较差,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni的削减能力较小;15 a柱具有较好的吸附能力和络合能力,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni具有较好的削减能力,初期的去除率分别达到了90%、78%、93%、74%,但随着回灌进行会接近或达到吸附容量,需要控制回灌过程和进度.     

Influence of NOx on the activity of Pd/θ-Al2O3 catalyst for methane oxidation: Alleviation of transient deactivation

Alumina supported Pd catalyst（Pd/Al₂O₃） is active for complete oxidation of methane, while often suffers transient deactivation during the cold down process. Herein, heating and cooling cycle tests between 200 and 900 °C and isothermal experiments at 650 °C were conducted to investigate the influence of NO_x on transient deactivation of Pd/θ-Al₂O₃ catalyst during the methane oxidation. It was found that the co-fed of NO alleviated transient d...