输气管道隧道的脆弱性评估方法研究

为研究输气管道隧道的脆弱性,结合工程和实践研究,建立管道本体致灾因子、隧道本体致灾因子、人为致灾因子和环境致灾因子4个方面共16个底层因素的指标体系。采用加速遗传算法改进的层次分析法（AGA-AHP）计算脆弱性级别权重和样本集权重。对于脆弱性级别权重边界突变的问题,用拟合曲线的方法来解决。运用组合权重与模糊综合评价法相结合的方法,按照不同隶属原则分别对系统整体和各子系统的脆弱性进行对比评估。实例分析结果表明,该输气管道隧道表现为中脆弱性,管道公司应及时采取有效措施整治和改善。     

Tertiary recycling of plastics waste: an analysis of feedstock,chemical and biological degradation methods

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Globally, there is rising awareness of the severity of the plastic waste problem, and the implications of plastics accumulation in the environment....     

民航“重大突发事件情景构建”应用实例探讨

重大突发事件情景构建理论是前沿的应急管理理论之一,为我国民航主管部门及民航企业在应对民航重大突发事件特别是预防和处置重大飞行事故方面提供了一个全新的思路和发展方向。针对国内外重大飞行事故特点和我国民航在应对突发事件及应急管理体系存在的问题进行分析,结合对重大突发事件情景构建理论所要求的"情景-应对"模式进行描述说明,建立了某一飞行事故情景的构建方案,以此为实例对如何应用该理论进行了示范和探讨。认为重大突发事件情景构建理论对于改进、完善我国现行民航应急管理体系具有重大的实践和指导意义。     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯对蚕豆幼苗茎和叶POD活性和MDA含量的影响(Effects of Di-（2-ethylhexyl）Phthalate（DEHP）on POD Activities and MDA Contents in Stem and Leaves of Vicia faba Seedlings)

为了初步研究邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（Di-（2-ethylhexy）phthalate, DEHP）对植物幼苗的氧化损伤作用,采用不同浓度（0.2、2、20、200mg·kg-1（细沙））DEHP对蚕豆的根部染毒,分析了DEHP对蚕豆幼苗茎、叶中的过氧化物酶（POD）及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响. 结果表明,处理7d后,随DEHP浓度的升高,蚕豆幼苗茎、叶POD活性均呈先升高后降低趋势,较高浓度组（茎：≥2mg·kg-1;叶：≥20mg·kg-1）与对照组差异显著（p<0.05）;MDA含量均呈逐渐升高趋势,较高浓度组（≥2mg·kg-1）与对照组差异显著（p<0.05或p<0.01）. 以上结果表明,DEHP可造成蚕豆幼苗氧化损伤.     

太湖重污染湖区和水源地水质概况及藻毒素污染环境风险

近年来太湖流域局部水质状况有所改善,但太湖藻型生境条件还未根本改变,水污染防治任务依然艰巨。确保太湖湖体水质稳定达标,尤其是加强对太湖重点湖区和水源地重点污染物的调查研究十分重要。在此背景下,本文调研了太湖重点湖区和水源地水质概况、藻毒素污染时空分布特征、环境影响因子和迁移转化规律,并总结了藻毒素的环境和健康风险研究的最新进展,指出了太湖西部湖区和饮用水源地的主要环境风险,以及未来太湖藻毒素污染相关研究需解决的关键技术问题,以期为促进太湖流域重点污染物的控制和治理,确保太湖饮用水源地安全提供有益借鉴。     

硝酸改性活性炭的制备及其对Cr（Ⅵ）

利用硝酸对颗粒活性炭进行改性,处理含铬废水,并考察了吸附时间、溶液pH、吸附剂加入量对改性活性炭吸附Cr（Ⅵ）效果的影响。实验结果表明：经过硝酸氧化改性的活性炭比表面积有所增加,官能团总量增加明显;吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率随振荡时间的增加而增加;对于质量浓度为10mg/L的100mLCr（Ⅵ）溶液,当溶液pH为中性,30%（体积分数）硝酸改性的颗粒活性炭的加入量为0.4g,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的最大去除率为98%。     

Production of Poly(l-Lactide)-Degrading Enzyme by Amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis and Its Catalytic Ability in Biological Recycling of Poly(l-Lactide)

The fermentation conditions for poly(l-lactide) (PLA)-degrading enzyme production by Amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis were statistically optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal value of the most important factors was 0.39 % PLA and 0.34 % gelatin for 2.81 days of cultivation. Under these conditions, the model predicted a PLA-degrading activity of 155.30 U/l. The verification showed the production amount of 154.2 U/l. The crude enzyme from A. orientalis ssp. orientalis showed potent PLA-degrading ability, which is efficient for the biological recycling of PLA. Up to 4,000 mg/l of PLA granule was completely degraded within 5 days at 45 °C by the crude enzyme. l-lactic acid (600 mg/l) was obtained as a degradation product of PLA after only 2 h of incubation. The results indicated that the crude PLA-degrading enzyme from A. orientalis ssp. orientalis has the potential to degrade PLA to lactic acid for the recycling of PLA industry and waste disposal.     

国内外固体废物处理处置技术概况

在参考中外文章的基础上,以综合述形式介绍了国内外固体废物处理处置技术发展概况。对我国固体废物处理处置及综合利用发展提出了建议。     

Clean Preparation Process of Chitosan Oligomers in Gly Series Ionic Liquids Homogeneous System

Chitosan oligomers because of its water solubility has some special physiological functions, such as binding lipid, affecting the mitogenic response, restraining the growth of tumors, and was widely used in cosmetics and health. H₂O₂/Gly (Glycine) series ionic liquids system, a new solvable-catalytic system, was an efficient clean process for preparation of chitosan oligomers. The effects of the anions of Gly series ionic liquids on the solubility and degradation for chitosan were investigated, and the results showed that [Gly]Cl aqueous solution was of good solubility and assistant degradation for chitosan. In additional, the mechanism for oxidative degradation of chitosan in ionic liquids (ILs) was studied. The effect on the property of chitosan oligomers catalyzed by H₂O₂, in two different kinds of solvents (HAc and [Gly]Cl) were compared. It was found that the performance of moisture absorption and retention of chitosan oligomers using ionic liquid aqueous solution as solvent was better than that using HAc aqueous solution as solvent, and even superior to that of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, [Gly]Cl could be easily separated from the product and reused with only slight loss. It could provide an efficient and environmental friendly method for the preparation of chitosan oligomers in H₂O₂/ILs system.     

FeS引发储油罐着火温度动态变化曲线的研究

储油罐着火事故被推测是由硫腐蚀产生的FeS氧化引起的。笔者阐述了储罐中FeS形成的原因 ,并采用自然发火绝热测试系统对FeS自然氧化进行 1 9h的跟踪实验 ,观察FeS绝热氧化过程中温度动态变化特性。实验发现 ,FeS氧化由诱导氧化期、中速氧化期和加速氧化期 3个阶段组成。诱导氧化期是积蓄能量 ,激发FeS活性的过程 ,试样温度基本未发生变化 ;中速氧化期是FeS试样表面的分子活性被激发 ,与FeS试样表面吸附的氧气发生氧化反应的过程 ,温度增加较慢 ;加速氧化期是FeS分子内部的活性被激活并进行氧化反应的过程 ,温度迅速升高。结果证明 :随着反应的进行 ,温度随反应时间变化的幅度越来越大 ,氧化反应的反应热不能及时散开而急剧地积累 ,温度急剧地升高 ,将引起油品自燃。此外 ,通过X衍射图和氧化升温曲线证明 ,水是影响FeS氧化的重要因素。