河流沉积物中有机污染物的分析研究进展

总结了近年来河流沉积物中有机污染物的研究进展 ,集中评述了国内有关沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分析研究现状 ,包括样品采集、样品前处理和样品分析 ,并对今后河流、湖泊及水库沉积物中污染物的分析工作作了展望     

Land desertification monitoring and assessment in Yulin of Northwest China using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS)

The objective of this study is to develop techniques for assessing and analysing land desertification in Yulin of Northwest China, as a typical monitoring region through the use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). The methodology included the use of Landsat TM data from 1987, 1996 and 2006, supplemented by aerial photos in 1960, topographic maps, field work and use of other existing data. From this, land cover, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), farmland, woodland and grassland maps at 1:100,000 were prepared for land desertification monitoring in the area. In the study, all data was entered into a GIS using ILWIS software to perform land desertification monitoring. The results indicate that land desertification in the area has been developing rapidly during the past 40 years. Although land desertification has to some extent been controlled in the area by planting grasses and trees, the issue of land desertification is still serious. The study also demonstrates an example of why the integration of remote sensing with GIS is critical for the monitoring of environmental changes in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g. in land desertification monitoring in the Yulin pilot area. However, land desertification monitoring using remote sensing and GIS still needs to be continued and also refined for the purpose of long-term monitoring and the management of fragile ecosystems in the area.     

A study of diffusion models applied to dust emissions from industrial complexes

Industrial complexes may release dust emissions through several to up to tens of stacks, as well as via fugitive area sources. Several diffusion models for small-scale fugitive dust sources have been developed and combined with a point source model to form a series of models for industrial complexes. The applicable area of these models and the methods for obtaining the main parameters in the models have been tested and verified using measurement data gained from several field experiments. The models developed in this paper can give quite satisfactory results when compared to other current models.     

废矿堆中黄铁矿氧化控制新技术--有机盐包膜法

于３０℃时研究了有机盐包膜对湿润和干燥条件下经接氧化亚铁矿杆菌的黄铁矿氧化的控制作用,湿润下经有机盐包膜的矿石样品的氧化程度与对照相比下降了９７．８％;直接添加有机盐的下降了９６．４％,两种淋洗收集液中有关元素的浓度经ＩＣＰ测定明显低于对照。干燥下微生物未能发挥对黄铁矿的氧化作用,但经包膜后的样品与对照相比,氧化程度又下降了７５．２％,这些结果表明,有机盐包膜既有明显的抑制黄铁矿的化学氧化作用,又     

异源精子激发彭泽鲫雌核发育产生的子一代及亲本RAPD分析

对异精激发彭泽鲫雌核发育产生的子一代及双亲进行ＲＡＰＤ 分析,发现异育彭泽鲫子一代中含有少数与父本相同而与母本相异的特异条带．尖鳍鲤、须鲫激发产生的异育彭泽鲫后代与彭泽鲫母本相似率分别为９４．９６％ 、９４．７０ ％ ;与尖鳍鲤、须鲫父本相似率分别为２３．４６％ 、２１ ．０５％ ．结果表明,从基因水平检验,彭泽鲫已不再是完全的母性遗传,异育彭泽鲫基因组ＤＮＡ中可能带有部分异源父本基因组ＤＮＡ的特性     

浙江省萧山市山一村农村生态良性循环与系统管理研究 Ⅴ.农田病虫害综合防治试验与实施

本项调控工程分两步:1984—1986年在山一村106ha农田开展病虫害综合防治试验示范;1987—1989年将试验成果应用于生产。试验研究取得了明显的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益:农药用量比1983年前减少80.6％,稻谷中农药残留不超标(原有机氯农药666残留超标率31.6％);害虫天敌稻田蜘蛛增加83.3—180.0％,稻虱多索线虫增加2倍;防治农药成本减少53.7％。并制定了《山一村农田农药污染防治技术规程》,其主要内容有:开展病虫害“二查二定”,达到防治指标时用药;制定病虫害防治策略,在防治适期内用药;推广高效低残留农药,遵守农药安全间隔期;推广抗性良种,适施N肥,增施P、K肥;保护利用天敌,发挥天敌自然抑制作用。     

除草剂对植物光合作用和吸肥能力影响初探

本文应用P~(32)、C~(14)同位素示踪技术研究棉花与大豆施用三种除草剂对植物吸肥能力和光合作用的影响。结果表明,拿捕净抑制棉花对P~(32)的吸收,稳杀得反而起促进作用,禾草克影响不明显,三种除草剂对光合作用的抑制影响,稳杀得>拿捕净>禾草克。施药一周后,大豆和棉花的光合作用已恢复正常,施用拿捕净和稳杀得的两种作物对P~(32)的吸收均起促进作用,而施用禾草克的作物对P~(32)吸收已逐趋正常。     

Optimization of bio-drying of kitchen waste: inoculation,initial moisture content and bulking agents

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Bio-drying has been proved to be a promising method for treatment of MSW (municipal solid waste) and sewage sludge due to its high energy...     

镉试剂2B固相萃取光度法测定水中微量银

研究了镉试剂2B固相萃取测定银的方法。在pH为9.5的硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,乳化剂-OP存在下,镉试剂2B与银反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,该络合物可用pH使用范围为1~12的W atersX terraTMRP18固相萃取小柱富集,小柱上富集的络合物用乙醇(内含0.01 mol/L、pH为9.5的四氢吡咯-醋酸缓冲溶液)洗脱后用光度法测定,在洗脱剂介质中最大吸收波长为555 nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.04×105L/(mol.cm)。银质量浓度在0.01~1.0μg/mL内符合比尔定律,方法用于环境水样中银含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

用生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气

为解决废气中有机胺类物质的恶臭污染问题,采用自制生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气,考察了生物填料塔运行的主要影响因素及对三甲胺废气的净化效果。实验结果表明,在进气中三甲胺质量浓度为80.00mg/m3、气体流量为0.3m3/h(停留时间不小于30s)、循环液喷淋密度为0.5m3/(m2.h)的条件下,三甲胺去除率达99.9%,净化后气体能达到国家二级排放标准;生物填料塔对三甲胺的总去除量与容积负荷呈直线关系,相关系数达0.9949,表明三甲胺废气的生物净化效果显著。