纳米二硫化钼促进粪肠球菌中信息素诱导质粒介导的耐药基因接合转移

粪肠球菌是一种通常寄居在人和动物胃肠道中的机会致病菌,并广泛存在于环境中。其可通过基因的水平转移获得抗生素抗性。纳米二硫化钼(molybdenum disulfide, MoS_2)是一种新型的二维层状材料,有广泛的应用前景,但缺乏对纳米MoS_2完整的生物安全评价。本研究以粪肠球菌为接合模型,将纳米MoS_2加入接合体系中研究其对信息素诱导质粒pCF10接合转移的影响。研究发现,纳米MoS_2具有促进接合转移的作用,其中25 mg·L^(-1)的纳米MoS_2促进效果最明显,可以将接合频率提高5倍～8倍。因为纳米MoS_2良好的生物相容性对细胞膜通透性、细胞内活性氧水平和接合转移调控基因的表达都没有产生明显影响。纳米MoS_2具有吸附性能,而且又是片层状的结构,这使得其可以附着在细菌表面,促进细菌的聚集,进而促进pCF10质粒接合转移的发生。     

Safety management in a relationship-oriented culture

A relationship-oriented culture predominates in the Greater China region, where it is more important than in Western countries. Some characteristics of this culture influence strongly the organizational structure and interactions among members in an organization. This study aimed to explore the possible influence of relationships on safety management in relationship-oriented cultures. We hypothesized that organizational factors (management involvement and harmonious relationships) within a relationship-oriented culture would influence supervisory work (ongoing monitoring and task instructions), the reporting system (selective reporting), and teamwork (team communication and co-ordination) in safety management at a group level, which would in turn influence individual reliance complacency, risk awareness, and practices. We distributed a safety climate questionnaire to the employees of Taiwanese high-risk industries. The results of structural equation modeling supported the hypothesis. This article also discusses the findings and implications for safety improvement in countries with a relationship-oriented culture.     

六溴环十二烷(HBCD)对H4细胞和SK-N-AS细胞脱碘酶2和3表达的影响

六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD)与多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diethyl ethers,PBDEs)复合污染体系,对人类健康尤其神经系统所造成的潜在危害及其机制一直是笔者课题组的研究方向。HBCD是广泛使用的溴化阻燃剂,与PBDEs一样,会通过干扰内分泌系统、影响甲状腺激素分泌及损伤神经系统,对生物体产生发育神经毒性。作为系列研究之一,本研究以H4人脑神经胶质瘤细胞和SK-N-AS人神经母细胞瘤细胞为体外生物模型,通过观察HBCD对H4细胞Ⅱ型脱碘酶(Dio2)和SK-N-AS细胞Ⅲ型脱碘酶(Dio3)表达的调控,初步探讨了HBCD对神经系统局部甲状腺激素水平的潜在影响。H4细胞和SK-N-AS细胞分别暴露于0、1、3和9μmol·L-1HBCD 24 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞活力,Western Blot和RT-PCR法分别分析Dio2和Dio3蛋白和基因的表达,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测H4细胞脑源性神经细胞营养因子(BDNF)的分泌。结果表明,HBCD以剂量依赖方式降低H4细胞和SK-N-AS细胞生存率,引起H4细胞Dio2蛋白和基因表达下调,而致SK-N-AS细胞Dio3蛋白和基因表达上调。此外,HBCD还降低H4细胞BDNF的分泌。这表明,HBCD很可能通过影响神经和胶质细胞脱碘酶的表达,影响脑局部甲状腺激素水平,从而引起神经系统损伤及发育神经毒性。     

三氯乙烯好氧生物降解的初步研究

工业溶剂三氯乙烯 (TCE)是地下水污染物中发现的最普遍的氯代化合物。本研究的目的是评价以葡萄糖为初始基质时好氧条件下TCE生物降解的可行性 ,以及以TCE为单一基质时的生物降解情况。微生物培养是在好氧条件下以驯化好的活性污泥作为接种体。实验结果表明 ,在 2 5℃时 ,葡萄糖可以在好氧条件下作为共代谢基质使TCE发生生物降解 ,其一级反应速率常数为 0 32 12d-1,半衰期为 2 16d ;TCE可以作为单一基质发生好氧生物转化 ,其一级反应速率常数为 0 2 6 2 4d-1,半衰期为 2 6 4d ;降解过程中无二氯乙烯 (DCE)和氯乙烯 (VC)等中间产物的形成 ;表明葡萄糖共代谢降解TCE的速率大于TCE作为单一基质的降解速率。     

小型制药厂污水处理工程设计

小型制药厂生产废水具有水质、水量波动大的特点,应用普通处理工艺很难适应水质、水量的大幅度波动。多级水解酸化-接触氧化工艺具有较高的抗冲击负荷,工程实例结果表明应用该工艺可以使处理设施长期稳定运行,并实现出水达标排放。     

Toward separation at source: Evolution of Municipal Solid Waste management in China

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in China has been transitioning from a mixed collection and treatment system to a separated collection and treatment system. The continuous rise of MSW treatment capacity and the optimization of technology structure provided basic facility support for China to promote MSW separation at source. China preferred a four-type separation system. Regulated recycling should be enhanced to improve the efficiency and sustainability of recycling industry. As food waste is the main composition of MSW in China, 20%–30% of the food waste diversion and land application could maximize the comprehensive environmental performance. Incineration is to be the pillar technology in MSW separated treatment system in China.     

Protection of wetlands as a strategy for reducing the spread of avian influenza from migratory waterfowl

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 has led to the death or destruction of millions of domesticated and wild birds and caused hundreds of human deaths worldwide. As with other HPAIs, H5N1 outbreaks among poultry have generally been caused by contact with infected migratory waterfowl at the interface of wildlands and human-dominated landscapes. Using a case–control epidemiological approach, we analyzed the relation between habitat protection and H5N1 outbreaks in China from 2004 to 2017. We found that while proximity to unprotected waterfowl habitats and rice paddy generally increased outbreak risk, proximity to the most highly protected habitats (e.g., Ramsar-designated lakes and wetlands) had the opposite effect. Protection likely involves two mechanisms: the separation of wild waterfowl and poultry populations and the diversion of wild waterfowl from human-dominated landscapes toward protected natural habitats. Wetland protection could therefore be an effective means to control avian influenza while also contributing to avian conservation.     

垂直厌氧折流板反应器处理树脂废水的中试研究

介绍了采用垂直厌氧折流板反应器(VABR)处理离子交换树脂生产废水的中试实验装置以及实验研究过程,并着重分析了COD容积负荷和盐分对COD的去除率及出水VFA的影响,并确定了该废水的厌氧产沼气率。研究结果表明,在中温(37±1℃)环境下,容积负荷在9 kg COD/(m3.d)左右时,HRT为24 h的条件下,VABR对COD的平均去除率保持在70%左右,平均每去除1 kg COD约产生沼气0.44 m3,且运行稳定。     

水合肼改性淀粉去除废水中的重金属离子

以木薯淀粉为原料、硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成丙烯酸甲酯接枝淀粉;用水合肼对其进行改性,合成了具有氨基功能团的改性淀粉。将改性淀粉用于对多种单一重金属离子和混合重金属离子的去除。在混合重金属离子溶液中,在室温、改性淀粉加入量为7.0g/L、重金属离子质量浓度为30mg/L、反应时间为120min的条件下,混合液pH为3～7时,改性淀粉对Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+和Ni2+的去除率均达99.9%以上;混合液pH为4时,改性淀粉对Cr6+的去除率达73.2%。     

聚丙烯酰胺化学降解技术研究进展

聚丙烯酰胺化学降解技术是目前油田含聚污水处理的重要技术之一,包括氧化降解法、光降解法和光催化降解法。文章介绍了此项技术在降解机理和应用方面的研究进展,并通过实验证明了聚丙烯酰胺氧化降解和光降解的可行性,对油田污水中聚丙烯酰胺的化学降解处理具有一定的指导意义。