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371.
The Microtox toxicity and Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) inhibition tests were conducted to monitor the variation of toxicity during ozonation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under neutral conditions. The results revealed that the oxidized 2-CP solution exhibited new toxicity to pure bacteria and mixed microorganisms in the early stage of ozonation. The largest inhibition of OUR appeared at one mol of applied ozone dosage per mol of initial 2-CP, and the percentage of inhibition was 63.8%. In addition, ozonated 3-CP and 4-CP also significantly induced new aqueous toxicity, if these toxic intermediates were not further ozonated. Comparing the variation of toxicity and the hydroxylated/chlorinated intermediates formed, 3-chloro-catechol, 2-chloro-2, 4-hexadienedioic acid and the dimmer compounds may be related to the sources of toxicity during the ozonation of 2-CP. 相似文献
372.
研究了在模似池塘小生境中,147Pm在水体、土壤及水生生物之间的转移和积累情况,建立了动力学模型。结果表明:其行为符合一级反应动力学模式;水生植物对147Pm的浓缩能力最强;鱼对147Pm的吸收极少;147Pm在土壤中的渗透力较弱,80%浓缩于泥土表层1cm内。因此,水生植物可作为147Pm污染水体的环境监测指示生物,并可用于净化被147Pm污染的水体;土壤可以沉淀水体中的147Pm,对去污有一定效果。 相似文献
373.
374.
PHB监测A2/O工艺除磷及负荷率耦合关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以上海市白龙港城市污水厂初沉池污水为进水,培养驯化污泥并构建A2/O试验系统,监测PHB消耗、生成的动态变化,并分析其与除磷和BOD5负荷率的耦合关系.结果显示,曝气池中PHB的消耗与除磷呈现良好的正相关关系(p<0.05),平均消耗约140 mg左右的PHB可去除1 mg P;厌氧池中PHB的生成与释磷存在着极显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),平均释放1.17 mg的磷可生成约100 mg的PHB;厌氧池中PHB的含量与系统F/M的正相关性显著(p<0.05),负荷为0.176 g/(g·d)较负荷0.413 g/(g·d)下PHB的生成量平均减少约4 mg/g(以MLSS计);PHB的合成与厌氧池中BOD5的去除量的相关性较差(p>0.05),但与温度呈极为显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),温度的升高有助于微生物合成PHB,最高温度(33.2℃)比最低温度(17.1℃)活性污泥中PHB含量约增加5 mg/g(以MLSS计),占总量的20%左右. 相似文献
375.
光助Fenton氧化法降解水中的活性艳蓝KN-R 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用光助Fenton氧化法降解水中的活性艳蓝KN-R染料.实验结果表明,在溶液pH为3,Fe2+、过氧化氢、草酸质量浓度分别为5,75,2 mg/L,反应时间为60 min时,色度、COD和TOC的去除率分别达到99%,80%和51%以上.水中阴离子对降解反应有阻碍或抑制作用,阴离子对COD去除率的影响从大到小为:NO-3>Cl->HCO-3>BrO-3>HPO2-4:对TOC去除率的影响从大到小为:NO-3>HPO2-4>Cl->Hco-3>BrO-3. 相似文献
376.
归纳总结安徽省自 1976年唐山大地震至 1998年 2 0余年弱震、少震的时期里地震谣传发生、发展的特征和紧急平息地震谣传的经验 ,结合实际提出了对地震谣传的长期预防对策。 相似文献
377.
The effects of operational parameters and common anions on the reactivity of zero-valent iron in bromate reduction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bromate reduction by Fe(0) was investigated under various conditions in batch tests. The bromate was primarily reduced to bromide ions with possible adsorption onto iron. Bromate reduction by Fe(0) can be described by pseudo-first-order kinetics. The differences in surface areas, numbers of reactive sites, impurities, pretreatment methods and numbers of repeated uses of iron affected the rates of bromate reduction through reducing or accumulating a passive oxide film on the iron surface. The reduction of bromate was significantly affected by only the dissolved oxygen content at supersaturated concentrations or by decreasing the pH from 6 to 5. Increasing the temperature increased the bromate reduction rate, which followed the Arrhenius relationship with activation energy of 52.6 kJmol(-1) and the reduction rate increased with increased mixing rates. These observations indicate that bromate reduction by iron is a surface-mediated process and diffusion to the surface is essential. Under the test conditions, modest inhibitory effects on bromate reduction by Fe(0) from nitrite, chlorate and bicarbonate were observed and the inhibitory effect from phosphate was relatively larger. Enhanced reactivity of Fe(0) to bromate was observed in the presence of nitrate or sulfate. These findings suggest that bromate reduction by Fe(0) can be an effective method for bromate control. 相似文献
378.
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Functional data analysis tools, such as function-on-function regression models, have received considerable attention in various scientific fields because... 相似文献
379.
Optimizing water quality monitoring networks using continuous longitudinal monitoring data: a case study of Wen-Rui Tang River, Wenzhou, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mei K Zhu Y Liao L Dahlgren R Shang X Zhang M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(10):2755-2762
Identification of representative sampling sites is a critical issue in establishing an effective water quality monitoring program. This is especially important at the urban-agriculture interface where water quality conditions can change rapidly over short distances. The objective of this research was to optimize the spatial allocation of discrete monitoring sites for synoptic water quality monitoring through analysis of continuous longitudinal monitoring data collected by attaching a water quality sonde and GPS to a boat. Sampling was conducted six times from March to October 2009 along a 6.5 km segment of the Wen-Rui Tang River in eastern China that represented an urban-agricultural interface. When travelling at a velocity of ~2.4 km h(-1), this resulted in water quality measurements at ~20 m interval. Ammonia nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity data were collected and analyzed using Cluster Analysis (CA) to identify optimal locations for establishment of long-term monitoring sites. The analysis identified two distinct water quality segments for NH(4)(+)-N and EC and three distinct segments for DO and turbidity. According to our research results, the current fixed-location sampling sites should be adjusted to more effectively capture the distinct differences in the spatial distribution of water quality conditions. In addition, this methodology identified river reaches that require more comprehensive study of the factors leading to the changes in water quality within the identified river segment. The study demonstrates that continuous longitudinal monitoring can be a highly effective method for optimizing monitoring site locations for water quality studies. 相似文献
380.
广州饮用水水源地多环芳烃分布、来源及人体健康风险评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
饮用水源水体中残留微量多环芳烃(PAHs)对人体健康存在危害.以广州饮用水水源地为研究对象,采集广州部分水厂水源水体及底泥样品,考察了样品中16种PAHs含量及分布,采用美国环保署(USEPA)的RAGS风险评估模型,对水体中PAHs人体健康风险进行了评估.结果表明,广州饮用水水源地水体中PAHs的质量浓度未超过相应的水质标准限值,水体悬浮颗粒物和底泥中ΣPAHs含量处于低至中等水平.水源地水体PAHs暴露的单项非致癌风险指数和总非致癌风险指数均小于1,非致癌风险可以忽略.水源地水体PAHs单项致癌风险和总致癌风险在5. 53×10~(-7)~5. 34×10~(-6),可能存在致癌风险但低于最大可接受风险水平.水源地PAHs为混合型污染源输入,包括石油泄漏、石油燃烧和木材、煤以及生物质的不完全燃烧.水体中PAHs与底泥中PAHs含量密切相关,PAHs在两相间的分布存在平衡分配. 相似文献