Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu) and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham, Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and 40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32), Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

Fe/Cu-改性沸石预处理焦化废水动力学研究

研究了Fe/Cu双金属微电解和改性沸石联用预处理焦化废水的降解动力学和机理.结果表明,焦化废水COD的降解符合准一级反应.焦化废水中污染物去除的机理包括电化学氧化还原、吸附、絮凝等,其中电化学氧化还原起主要作用.GC/MS分析表明,原水含有机物35种,预处理有机物去除率为71.5％,氮杂环化合物去除率为68.5％,硫杂环化合物去除率为100％.出水利于生化降解.     

地震灾害作用下长输管道安全性研究进展

地震是威胁长输管道安全的一种最为严重的自然灾害.近年来,地震灾害频繁发生,而且随着大型天然气管道工程的建设和大口径、高压力管道钢的投入使用,研究地震作用下长输管道的安全性对保障管道安全可靠运行有着重要意义.本文对国内外在长输管道的地震反应与稳定性研究领域内的现状及存在的问题进行了综述,在此基础上,指出应当深入对气固耦合...     

TiO2/陶粒光催化降解甲基橙研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以陶粒为载体的新型、高光催化活性的复合光催化剂TiO2/陶粒,使用XRD、TG-DTA、FT-IR进行表征;以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了焙烧温度、催化剂投加量、初始pH值等因素对甲基橙去除效果的影响。结果表明:甲基橙初始浓度为100 mg/L时,最佳降解条件是pH=3,焙烧温度700℃,催化剂投加量30 g/L。     

黑龙江黑河段“十一五”水环境质量现状及保护对策

通过对“十一五”期间黑龙江黑河段水环境质量监测数据统计分析,得出黑龙江黑河江段水环境质量现状评价结果,提出界江水环境保护对策。     

近百年来珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地沉积物重金属累积及生态危害评价

河口地区细颗粒沉积物在输运和沉积过程中记录了人类活动的信息.对珠江口淇澳岛滨海湿地柱状沉积物进行粒度和测年分析结果表明,该地区沉积物以黏土质粉砂为主,沉积物黏土和粉砂含量及平均粒径均表现为由底向表逐渐增大的趋势,59 cm以上的沉积速率为4.15 cm·a-1,59 cm以下的沉积速率为0.97 cm·a-1.沉积物重...     

城市绿地系统生态服务效能评价及优化研究——以淮安生态新城为例

通过运用生态服务效能指数的概念,选择5种指标因子(吸收二氧化硫量、吸收热量、蒸腾水量、涵养水源量、滞尘降尘量)构建了淮安生态新城绿地系统生态服务效能评估模型,并运用全排列多边形图示指标法,针对"现状条件"、"概念规划"、"控制性详细规划"、"理想状态"4种情景下的绿地系统进行了生态服务效能评价与预测.结果表明,4种不同的土地利用方式下,绿地系统生态服务效能综合指数分别为0.24、0.56、0.70和0.89,生态服务效能逐步改善.研究结果进一步表明,在"概念规划"和"控制性详细规划"两种情景下,应使城市绿地系统面积大于1200hm2,采用复合式绿地结构并调整林地与草地面积的比例达到7∶3,同时应保证本地植物指数大于70%,研究结果可为生态城市建设提供一定的参考.     

我国不同区域地质环境城市地下水防污性能分布特征分析

以近几十年来积累的地下水化学和水文地质资料为基础,对我国城市地下水防污性能进行了综合评价,分析了我国不同区域地质环境城市地下水防污性能分布特征及其形成原因,并提出了针对不同地下水防污性能等级的防污建议。     

不同雨强条件下河流水质对流域土地利用类型与格局空间响应

以七乡河流域为研究区域,基于2015年4、5、6月3次不同雨强条件下的河流水质实时监测数据,以及区域DEM数据和遥感数据,根据高程与坡度将流域划分5级河流缓冲区,研究不同雨强条件下各缓冲区内土地利用类型、格局与河流水质之间的响应关系.结果表明:1不同空间单元土地利用类型与格局存在差异.低缓区域、中缓区域和高缓区域优势土地利用类型为建设用地;中陡区域和高陡区域林地为优势土地利用类型.2低缓区域是不同雨强条件下,土地利用类型对河流水质影响最大的空间单元.3低缓区域建设用地对水质的影响最大;中缓区域湿地对小雨强时水质影响最大;建设用地对中等雨强和大雨强时水质影响最大.中陡和高缓冲区,建设用地对小雨强时水质影响最大;而中等雨强和大雨强时林地对水质影响最大.4土地利用格局对河流水质影响比较复杂.平均斑块形状指数对低缓区域水质影响最大;斑块密度、平均斑块形状、多样性指数分别是中缓区域3种雨强时对水质影响最大的格局因子;高缓区域3种雨强条件下平均斑块形状指数、多样性指数和斑块密度对水质影响最大;平均斑块形状指数和蔓延度是中陡区域和高陡区域小雨强和大雨强时对水质影响最大,蔓延度和多样性指数是中等雨强时影响最大土地利用格局因子.